CHI 
bertson, in wliich valour, gallantly, and 
religion, were so strangely blended, was 
wonderfully adapted to the taste and ge- 
nius of martial nobles; and its effects 
were soon visible in their manners. War 
was carried on with less ferocity, when 
humanity came to be deemed the orna- 
ment of knighthood no less than courage. 
More gentle and polisiied manners were in- 
troduced, when courtesy was recommended 
as the most amiable of knightly virtues. 
Violence and oppression decreased, when 
it was reckoned meritorious to check and 
to punish them. A scrupulous adherence 
to truth, with the most religious attention 
to fulfil every engagement, became the dis- 
tinguishing characteristic of a gentleman, 
because chivalry was regarded as the scliool 
of honour, and inculcated the most delicate 
sensibility with respect to that point. Tlie 
admiration of these qualities, together with 
the high distinctions and prerogatives con- 
ferred on knighthood in every part of Eu- 
rope, inspired persons of noble birth, on 
some occasions, with a species of military 
fanaticism, and led them to extravagant en- 
terprises. But they imprinted deeply on 
their minds the principles of generosity and 
honour. Tliese were strengthened by every 
thing that can affect tlie senses or touch the 
heart. The wild exploits of tliose romantic 
knights who sallied forth in quest of adven- 
tures, are well known, and have been treat- 
ed with proper ridicule. The [>olitical and 
permanent efforts of the spirit of chivalry 
have been less observed. Peihaps, the hu- 
manity which accompanies all the opera- 
tions of war, the refinements of gallantry, 
and the point of honour, the tliree chief cir- 
cumstances which distinguish modern from 
ancient manners, may be ascribed in a great 
measure to this whimsical institution, seem- 
ingly of little benefit to mankind. The sen- 
timents which cliivalry inspired bad a won- 
derful influence on manners and conduct 
during the twelfth, thirteenth, fourteenth, 
and fifteenth centuries. They were so 
deeply rooted, that they continued to ope- 
rate after the vigour and reputation of the 
institution itself began to decline.” In a 
word, chivaliy, which is now an object of 
ridicule, was, at the period to which we 
have above referred, a matter of the great- 
est moment, and had no little influence on 
the manners of mankind, and the fate of 
nations. 
A respectable writer has traced, with in- 
genuity and much learning, a strong resem- 
blance between the manners of the age of 
CHO 
chivalry and those of the Iieroic ages delineat- 
ed by Homer. See Letters on Chivalry, &c. 
CHLOIIA, in botany, a genus of tlie Oc- 
tandria Moiiogynia class and order. Natu- 
ral order of Botaceae. Gentianae, Jussieu. 
Essentinl eliaracter : calyx eight-leaved ; 
corolla oiie-petalled, eight-cleft; capsule 
one-celled, two-valved, many-seeded. Stig- 
ma four-clef t. Tiiere are four species. 
CHLOKANTHUS, in botany, agenus of 
the Tetrandria Monogynia class and order. 
Natural order of Aggregatae. Essential 
character: calyx none; corolla a petal three- 
lobed by the side of tlie germ ; anthers grow- 
ing to the petal ; drupe oiie-seeded. There 
is but one species. 
CHLORIS, in botany, a genus of the 
Polygamia Monoecia class and order. Her- 
maplirodite calyx, glume two-valved, tyvo- 
flowered, awned ; corolla none;stamina three ; 
styles two ; seed one ; male calyx, glume 
one-valved: female sessile; calyx, glume 
tyvo-valved. There are five species, natives 
of the West Indies. 
CHLOROSIS, in medicine, a disease 
coniraonly called the green-sickness. See 
Meuicine. 
CHOCOLATE is made of roasted co- 
coa, yvhich being first coarsely pounded in 
a stone mortar, is afterwards levigated on a 
. slab of the finest grained marble ; to this 
a small quantity of vanilla is added. The 
mixture is heated, sometimes with cream, 
and put into tin moulds of the size in which 
the cakes appear. Chocolate is nutritive, 
and not unwholesome, provided the stomach 
be active, and that exercise be not neg- 
lected : it would be less objectionable if 
the vanilla were omitted, that being of a 
very heating quality, but on it the flavour 
chiefly depends. Manufactured chocolate, 
and cocoa-paste, are prohibited from im- 
portation under severe penalties. See 
Theobroma. 
CHOIR, that part of the church or ca- 
thedral where choristers sing divine service ; 
it is separated ti-om the chancel, where the 
communion is celebrated; and also from 
the nave of the church, yvliere the people 
are placed ; the patron is said to be obliged 
to repair the choir of the church. 
CHOMELIA, ill botany, a genus of the 
Tetrandria Monogynia class and order. Calyx 
four-parted; corolla salver-shaped, four- 
parted; drupe inferior, yvith a two -celled 
nut ; stigmata two, thickish. One species, 
found in America. 
CHONDRILLA, in botany, a genus of 
Syngenesia Polygamia lEqiialis class and 
