C H 11 
The first state of these animals is in the ca- 
terpillar or reptile form ; then they pass in- 
to the chrysalis-state, wherein they remain, 
immoveably fixed to one spot, and sur- 
rounded with a case or covering, which is 
generally of a conical figure ; and, lastly, 
after spending the usual time in this middle 
state, tliey throw off the external case 
wiierein tuey lay imprisoned, and appear in 
their most perfect and winged form of but- 
terflies, or flies. See Caterpillar. 
CHRYSANTHEMUM, in botany, a ge- 
nus of the Syngenesia Polygamia Superflua 
class and order. Natural order of Compo- 
site Dioscoide®. Corymbifer®, Jussieu. 
Calyx hemispherical, imbricated; the mar- 
ginal scales membranaceous; pappus mar- 
gined ; receptacle naked. There are twen- 
ty-seven species. 
CHRYSIS, golden fly, in natural history, 
a genus of insects of the order Hymenop- 
tera. Mouth horny, projecting ; lip much 
longer than the jaw, which is linear, mem- 
branaceous, and emarginate at the tip : no 
tongue ; feelers four, unequal filiform ; an- 
tenn® short,filiform, of twelve articulations, 
the first longer; body gilt polished ; abdo- 
men arched beneath, with a scale on each 
side ; tail generally toothed ; sting pungent, 
nearly concealed ; wings flat. These are 
generally found in the holes of old walls. 
There are more than thirty species. 
CH;RYSITRIX, in botany, a genus of 
the Polygamia Dioecia class and order. 
Natural order of Calamari®. Cyperoide®, 
Jussieu. Essential character : hermaphro- 
dite; glume bivalve; corolla of numerous 
setaceous chaffs; stamina many, solitary, 
between the chaffs ; pistil one : male as in 
the hermaphrodite ; pistil one. There is 
but one species ; viz. C. capensis, a peren- 
nial plant; native of the Cape of Good 
Hope. 
CHRYSOBALANUS, in botany, a ge- 
nus of the Icosandria Monogynia class and 
order. Natural order of Pomace®. Ro- 
sace®, Jussieu. Essential character : calyx 
five-cleft; petals five; style lateral; drupe 
with a five-furrowed, five-val ved nut. There 
is but one species; viz. C. icaco, cocoa 
plumb, a shrub about eight feet high. Na- 
tive of the Caribbee islands, and the neigh- 
bouring continent near the sea. 
CHRYSOBERYLL, in mineralogy, a 
species of the flint genus. Its chief colour 
is asparagus green, passing oh the one side 
into an apple-green, mountain green, and 
greenish white ; on the other side it passes 
through light olive and oil green into yel- 
CHR 
lowish grey, which inclines to brown. It 
occurs but seldom crystallized, and then 
the crystals are small, externally shining, 
internally splendent, and intermediate be- 
tween the resinous and vitreous. It is brit- 
tle, not easily frangible; specific gravity 
from 3.6 to 3.8. Before the blow-pipe it is 
infusible without addition: it is found in 
Brazil, in the sands of Ceylon, along witli 
rubies and sapphires : it is sometimes cut 
for ring-stones, and is usually set with yel- 
low foil, but is seldom to be met with even 
in the possession of jewellers : it is called 
the Oriental chrysolith, in commerce : con- 
stituent parts 
71.5 
Oxide of iron 
T 
100. 
CHRYSOCOMA, in botany, English 
goldy locks, a genus of the Syngenesia Po- 
lygamia iEqualis class and order. Natural 
order of Composit® Discoide®. Corymbife- 
r®, Jussieu. Essential character : calyx he- 
mispherical, imbricate ; style scarcely longer 
than the florets; pappus simple ; receptacle 
naked. There are thirteen species ; almost 
all of them natives of the Cape of Good 
Hope. 
CHRYSOGONUM, in botany, a genus 
of the Syngenesia Polygamia Necessaria 
class and order. Natural order of Compo- 
sit® Oppositifoliffl. Corymbifer®, Jussieu. 
Essential character : calyx five-leaved ; 
seeds involved in a four-leaved calycle ; 
pappus one-leafed, tliree toothed ; recepta- 
cle chaffy. There is but one species ; viz. 
C. virginianum, a native of Virginia. 
CHRYSOLITE, in mineralogy, a spe- 
cies of the flint genus ; the chief colour of 
which is pistachio green, of all degrees of 
intensity : it occurs sometimes in original, 
angular, pretty sharp-edged pieces, which 
are frequently notched, and exhibit a pecu- 
liar, rough, scaly, splintery surface ; also in 
rolled pieces, and crystallized ; brittle ; ea- 
sily frangible ; specific gravity about 3.4 ; 
infusible before the blow-pipe without ad- 
dition; constituent parts according to 
Klaproth. 
Silica 38.0 
Magnesia 39.5 
Oxide ofiron 19.0 
Loss 3.5 
100.0 
