CHR 
It i? found principally in Upper Egypt ; 
but has been met with in Bohemia, and in 
the isle of Bourbon. It is employed as a 
precious stone in different kinds of jewelry, 
but of no very great value. Werner thinks 
that the stone described by the ancients 
under the name of yellow chrysolite, an- 
swers to our topaz. 
CHRYSOMELA, in natural history, a 
genus of insects of the order Coleoytera. 
Antennae moniiiform; six feelers, growing 
larger towards the end; thorax marginate; 
shells immargluate ; body mostly oval. Of 
this genus there are several hundred species, 
they are separated into three distinct divi- 
sions. A. lip entire ; hind legs equal. B. 
oblong; lip bifid; hind thighs equal. C. 
oblong ; lip bifid ; hind thighs thickened. 
This numerous and very beautiful tribe is 
found every where in woods and gardens. 
Their motion is slow, and some of them 
when caught emit an oily liquor of a disa- 
greeable smell. The larva; of this genus, 
and also of the Cryptocephalus, feed on the 
leaves of trees and plants. 
CHRYSOPHRAS, in mineralogy, a spe- 
cies of the Flint genus, of an apple-green, of 
all degrees of intensity, passing through the 
various shades of greenish grey. It is found 
massive in angular pieces, and thick plates. 
Internally it is dull; some rare varieties are 
glimmering. Specific gravity 3.25. Before 
the blow-pipe it loses its colour and trans- 
parency, and is infusible without some addi- 
tion. By analysis it is found to contain 
Silica 96.16 
Lime o.83 
Oxide of nickel i.oo 
97.99 
A trace of alumina and oxide of iron. 
It is found with quartz, opal, chalcedony, 
&c. in serpentine, in Lower Silesia. It is 
chiefly used for ring-stones ; but is difficult 
to cut and polish. The apple-green variety 
is the most highly valued, and ring-stones of 
that colour will fetch 10. or 121. It passes 
into horn-stone and chalcedony, and into a 
fossil which is intermediate between chry- 
sophras and opal. It loses much of its co- 
lour when kept in a wwim and dry place, or 
when much exposed to the air. Very ele- 
gant specimens of this beautiful fossil are to 
be seen in the great cathedral at Prague, 
where a closet is inlaid with it. 
CHRYSOPHYLLUM, in botany, a ge- 
nus ol the Pentandria Monogynia class and 
order. Natural order of Dumosae. Sapo- 
CHU 
ta;, Jussieu. Essential character: corolla 
bell-shaped, ten-cleft ; segments alternate, 
spreading; berry ten-seeded. There are 
six species ; natives of the West Indies. 
CHRYSOSPLENIUM, in botany, a ge- 
nus of the Decanuria Digynia class and or - 
der. Natural order of Succulent®. Essen- 
tial character : calyx four or five-cleft, co- 
loui ed ; corolla none ; capsule two-beak- 
ed, one-celled, many-seeded. There are 
two species ; viz. C. alternifolium, alternate- 
leaved golden saxifrage; and C. oppositifo- 
lium, opposite-leaved golden saxifrage. 
These plants are found in moist shady 
places, by the sides of rivulets in Lapland, 
Sweden, Denmark, Germany, Switzerland, 
and with us, about Norwich and Worces- 
tershire. 
CHURCH, has different significations, 
according to the different subjects to which 
it is applied. 1 . It is understood of the 
collective body of Christians, or all those 
over tlie face of the whole earth who pro- 
fess to believe in Christ, and acknowledge 
him to be the Saviour of mankind. This is 
what the ancient writers call the catholic or 
universal church. 2. Church is applied to 
any particular congregations of Christians, 
who at one time, and in one place, associate 
together and concur in the participa- 
tion of all tlie institutions of Jesus Christ, 
with their proper pastors and ministers. 
Thus we read of the church of Antioch, the 
church of Alexandria, the church of Thes- 
salonica, and the like. 3. Church denotes 
a particular sect of Chri.stians, distinguished 
by particular doctrines and ceremonies. In 
this sense we speak of the Romish church, 
the Greek church, the Reformed church, 
the church of England, &c. 
The Latin or Western church compre- 
hends all the churches of Italy, France, 
Spain, Africa, the North, and all other coun- 
tries whither the Romans carried their lan- 
guage. Great Britain, part of the Nether- 
lands, of Germany, and of tfie North, have 
been separated from hence ever since the 
time of Henry VIII. and constitute what we 
call the Reformed church, and what the 
Romanists call the Western Schism. The 
Greek or Eastern church, comprehends the 
churches of all the countries anciently sub- 
ject to the Greek or Eastern empire, and 
through which their language was car ried ; 
tliat is, all the space extended from Greece 
to Mesopotamia and Persia, and thence in- 
to Egypt. 
Church, the place which Christians con- 
secrate to the worship of God. By the 
