CIC 
as this, originatiflg in part from vegetable 
matter, must contain carbon in larger pro- 
portion tlian even the blood itself. See 
Assimilation. 
CICADA, in natural history, a genus of 
insects of the order Hemiptera. Generic 
character ; snout inflected ; antenns seta- 
ceous ; the four wings membranaceous and 
deflected ; legs in most of the species 
formed for leaping. These insects live on 
various plants ; the larva is apterous ; the 
pupa furnished with the mere rudiments of 
wings ; both of them six footed and active. 
The male of the perfect insect chirps like 
the cricket. There are some hundred species 
noticed and described by different authors, 
and enumerated with their characters by 
Gmelin. There are three divisions. — 
A. antennae subulate, inserted in the front. 
B. legs not formed for leaping. C. anten- 
nae filiform, inserted under the eyes ; this 
class is subdivided into, 1. a. lip abbrevi- 
ated, truncate, emarginate ; and, 2. b. lip 
rounded, setaceous at the tip. The most 
common of the European species is C. fle- 
beia, which has been long confounded with 
the grasshopper. It is a native of the 
warmer parts of Europe, appearing in the 
hotter months, and continuing its chirping 
during tlie greater part of the day, gene- 
rally sitting among the leaves of trees. The 
insects proceed from eggs deposited by the 
parent in and about the roots of trees, near 
the ground. They hatch into larva, in 
which state they continue nearly two years, 
cast tlieir skins, and produce the complete 
insect. The male cicada alone makes the 
chirping, the female being entirely mute : 
the noise of tlie former proceetls from a 
pair of concave membranes, seated on 
each side the first joint of the abdomen ; 
the large concavities of the abdomen, im- 
mediately under the two broad lamellm in 
the male insect, are also faced by a thin 
pellucid, irridescent membrane, serving to 
increase and to reverberate the sound, and 
a strong muscular apparatus is exerted for 
the purpose of moving the necessary organs. 
Among tlie smaller European species is 
C. spumaria, or cuckow-spit cicada, so 
named from the circumstance of its lai va 
being found constantly enveloped in a mass 
of white froth adhering to the leaves and 
stems of vegetables. This froth, which is 
popularly known by the name of cuckow- 
spittle, is found in the summer, and is the 
production of the included larva, which, 
from the time of its hatching from the egg 
deposited by the parent insect, continues, 
at intervals, to suck the juices of the stem 
CIC 
on winch it resides, and to discharge them 
from the vent in the form of very minute 
bubbles; and by continuing the operation, 
completely covers itself with a large mass 
of froth, which is sometimes so overcharged 
with moisture, that a drop may be seen 
hanging from its under surface. 
CICCA, in botany, a genus of the Mono- 
ecia Tetrandria class and order. Essential 
character : male, calyx four-leaved ; corolla 
none : female, calyx three-leaved ; corolla 
none; styles four; capsule tetracoccous. 
There is but one species, viz. C. disticha, a 
native of the East Indies. 
CICER, in botany, a genus of the Diadel- 
phia Decandria class and order. Natural 
order of Papilionace® or Legiiminosae. Es- 
sential character ; calyx five-parted, length 
of the corolla ; the four upper segments in- 
cumbent on the banner; legume rhombed, 
(urged, two-seeded. There is but one spe- 
cies, viz. C. arietinum, chich pea, which is 
an annual, and a native of the South of 
Europe, the Levant, and Africa, where it is 
frequently eaten, both raw and boiled. 
CICHORIUM, in botany, English .'suc- 
cory, a genus of the Syngenesia Polygamia 
jEqualis class and order. Natural order of 
ComppsitaB Semiflosculos®. Cinaracephalae, 
Jussieu. Essential character ; calyx caly- 
cled ; pappus slightly five-toothed, obscurely 
hairy; receptacle somewhat chafty. There 
are three species : the first of which, C. in- 
tybus, wild succory, is generally considered 
as a common weed; it is, however, culti- 
vated as food for cattle ; C. endivia, broad - 
leaved succory, or common endive, is culti- 
vated in our English gardens, being one of 
the principal ingredients in our autumn and 
winter salads. C. spinosum, prickly suc- 
coiy, grows naturally on the sea coast 
in Sicily, and the islands of the Archipe- 
lago. 
CICINDELA, in natural history, a genus 
of insects of the order Coleoptera ; antennas 
setaceous : feelers six, filiform ; the hind 
ones hairy : mandible prominent, armed 
with many teeth : eyes prominent ; thorax 
rounded, raai-gined, narrower than the head. 
There are about 60 species, in two divi- 
sions. A. lip three-toothed. B. lip 
rounded, pointed entire. The cicindela is 
in general a very beautiful genus of insects : 
they ai'e found in dry sandy places, and 
prey with the most ravenous ferocity upon 
all other insects which come in their way, 
and which they can overcome ; the larva is 
soft, white, long, .six -footed, with a brown 
scaly head, and lurks in a round perpendi- 
cular hole in tlie gromid, vvitli its head at 
