CIN 
fiige power of the bark resided, and some 
have gone so far as to recommend animal 
glue as a substitute for bark. 
CINERARIA, in botany, a genus of 
the Syngenesia Polyganiia Superflna class 
and order. Natural order of Coinpositae 
Discoidete. Corymbiferas, Jussieu. Essen- 
tial cliaracter : calyx simple, many leaved, 
equal ; pappus simple ; receptacle naked, 
lliere are forty-one species, most of them 
natives of the Cape of Good Hope. 
CINNA, in botany, a genus of the Mo- 
nandria Digynia class and order. Natural 
order of grasses. Essential character: 
calyx glume two-valved, one-flowered ; co- 
rolla glume two-valved ; seed one. There is 
but one species, inz. C. arundinacea, a na- 
tive of Canada. 
CINNABAR, in mineralogy, a species of 
the genus Mercury, of which there are 
two sub species, viz. the dark red, and the 
bright red. Tlie former occurs massive, 
disseminated, in blunt cornered pieces, in 
membranes, amorphous, dendritic, and fru- 
ticose ; it occurs also crystallized. The 
specific gravity is from 7 to 10, and the 
constituent parts are 
Mercury 81 
Sulphur 15 
Iron 4 
100 
Before the blow-pipe, it is completely 
volatilized, giving a blue flame, and a smoke 
which has the odour of sulphur. Both 
•species are found in Bohemia, Hungary, 
Transylvania, and many other parts of the 
continent ; but the most important mer- 
cury mines are those of Almadin in Spain, 
which have been worked upwards of two 
thousand years. It is from this ore that the 
greatest quantity of the mercury of com- 
merce is obtained. It is used also as a pig- 
ment, but not by any means equal to the 
artificial cinnabar. See the next article. 
Cinnabar, in chemistry, is a sulphu- 
ret of mercury, and is prepared by mixing 
one part of sulphur with seven or eight of 
mercury, and by applying such a heat as to 
make them combine. The black powder, 
which they form is then exposed to heat 
sufficient to produce inflammation ; after 
which the remaining mass is sublimed in 
close vessels, The sublimate is mercury in 
combination with sulphur j it is of a very 
fine red colour, and when levigated, is in 
common use as a pigment, under the name 
of cinnabar or vermiUion. 
CIN 
CINNAMON is the bark of the laurus 
cinnamomum, indigenous in some of the 
Eastern Islands, but an inferior kind, taken 
from the laurus cassia, is often sold for, or 
mixed with it. Cinnamon is most grate- 
ful, aromatic, highly pungent, and yields 
a very fine cordial. The bark is used in 
many culinary preparations, and is gene- 
nerally taken from the tree by making an 
incision on the under side for the whole 
length of the branch, which causes the 
bark to curl, and to separate itself, almost 
voluntarily, when acted upon by the sun’s 
heat. That from the smaller twigs is ac- 
coimted the best : it should be thin, very 
brittle, and very hot to the tongue. What 
we use is the inner bark ; the exterior rind 
being of no value. 
Cinnamon stone, in mineralogy, a species 
of the genus Zircon, found at Columbo, jn 
the island of Ceylon. It is known in Hol- 
land under the name of kanelstein, which 
signifies cinnamon stone, probably from its 
resemblance in colour to that spice. 
Cinnamon tree. See Laurus Cinna- 
momum. 
CINQUE PORTS, five havens that lie 
on the east part of England, towards 
France, thus called by way of eminence, 
on account of their superior importance, as 
having been thought by our kings to merit 
a particular regard, for their preservation 
against invasions. Hence they have a par- 
ticular policy, and are governed by a 
keeper, with a title of the lord warden of 
the Cinque Ports, which office belongs to 
the constable of Dover ; and their repre- 
sentatives are called Barons of the Cinque 
Ports. 
They have various franchises, similar, in 
many respects, to those of the counties 
palatine, and particularly an exclusive juris- 
diction before the mayor and jurats of the 
ports, their wai-den having the authority of 
an admiral among them, and sending out 
writs in his own name ; and the king’s writs 
do not run tliere. However, on a judg- 
ment in any of the king’s courts, if the 
defendant liath no goods, .&c. except in the 
ports, the plaintiff may get the records cer- 
tified into chancery, and from thence sent 
by mittimus to the lord warden to make 
execution. 
The Cinque Ports, it has been observed, 
are not “ jura aequalia,” like counties pala- 
tine, but are parcel of the county of Kent, 
so tliat if a writ be brought against one for 
land within the Cinque Ports, and he 
appears and pleads to it, and judgment is 
