COD 
COC 
Cochineal is used in the large scale by 
dyers, and it is the fine colour so much es- 
teemed in painting, known by the name of 
carmine : when properly mixed with hair- 
powder, it is what ladies use as rouge. 
C. ilicis, or kermes, is a species adhering, 
in its advanced or pregnant state, to tlie 
shoots of the quercus coccifera, under the 
form of smooth reddish-brown grains or 
balls, of the size of small peas. The tree 
or shrub grows plentifully in many pai'ts of 
Francp, Spain, Greece, and the islands ot 
the Archipelago, The cocci are found ad- 
hering in groups of five, six, or more toge- 
ther, or pretty near each other. Woollen 
cloth dyed with kermes was called scarlet 
in grain ; the animal having been popularly 
considered as a grain. 
A very small species of this genus is often 
seen, in its torpid state, on the surface of 
different kinds of apples, particularly on 
the golden pippin. It is not more than the 
tenth of an inch in length, and is of a long 
oval shape gradually decreasing to a point 
at one end. It contains thirty or forty oval 
white eggs enveloped in a silky matter. 
. COCHLEA, in anatomy, the third part, 
of the labyrinth of the ear. See Anatomy. 
COCHLEARIA, in botany, a genus of 
the Tetradynamia Siliculosa class and or- 
der. Natural order of Siliquosae ; or Cruci- 
ferae, Jussieu. Essential character : silicle 
eraarginate, turgid, scabrous ; valves gib- 
bons, obtuse. There are eight species. 
COCKET is a seal belonging to the 
King’s Custom-house, or rather a scroll of 
parchment sealed and delivered by the of- 
ficers of the customs to merchants, as a 
warrant that their merchandises are cus- 
tomed. It is also used for the office where ’ 
goods, transported, were first entered and 
paid their custom, and had a cocket or cer- 
tificate of discharge. 
COCKPIT, in a man of war, a place on 
the lower floor, or deck, abaft the main- 
capstan, lying between the platform and the 
steward’s room, where are partitions for the 
purser, surgeon, and his mates. 
COCKSWAIN, or Coxson, an officer 
on board a man of war, who has the care 
of the barge and all things belonging to it, 
and must be also ready with his crew to man 
the boat on all occasions : he sits at the 
stem of the boat, and steers. 
COCOS, in botany, a genus of the Mo- 
noecia Hexandria class and order. Natu- 
ral order of Palms. Essential character : 
male calyx three-parted ; corolla three pe- 
talled; stamens six; female calyx five- 
parted ; corolla three-petalled ; stigmas 
three ; drupe coriaceous. There are five 
species, of which C. nucifera, cocoa-nut- 
tree, is common almost every where within 
the tropics, aud is cultivated in both Indies ; 
it is found in a wild state in the Maldives 
and Ladrones, also in the islands of the 
South Seas. The roots are slender, simple, 
and flexible : they arise separately from 
the bottom of the trunk, and spread in all 
directions ; some running to a great depth, 
while others creep almost parallel to the 
surfece. The trees grow to a great height ; 
their stems are composed of strong fibres, 
like net-work, which lie in several laminas 
over each other, out of which come the 
branches, or rather leaves, which grow 12 
or 14 feet long. The flowers come out 
round the top of the trunk of tlie tree in 
large clusters ; they ai'e inclosed in a 
sheath, and the nuts afterwards are formed 
in large clusters, ten or twelve together. 
The fruit is properly a drupe ; the skin is 
thin and very tough, the substance under 
this investing the shell is extremely fibrous ; 
the shell is of a bony substance ; the ker- 
nel adheres all round the inner wall of the 
shell, and the cavity is filled with a milky 
liquor. Besides the liquor in the fruit, 
there is a sort of wine drawn from the tree 
called toddy, and from which is obtained a 
spirit called arrack. 
The coat of the tree is composed of strong 
fibres, which are made into sailcloth, cor- 
dage, &c. The trunk ot the tree is used 
in all kinds of building ; and the leaves are 
wrought into mats, baskets, and many other 
things for which osiers are employed in Eu- 
rope : they serve also as coverings to their 
houses. 
COD. See Gadcs. 
CODE, a collection of the laws and 
constitutions of the Roman Emperors, 
made by order of Justinian. 
The code is comprised in twelve books ; 
and makes the second part of the civil, or 
Roman law. There were several otlrer codes 
before the time of Justinian, all of them 
collections or abridgements of the Roman 
laws. The most ancient code, or digest, 
was styled “ Jus Papirianum,” from the 
first compiler, Papirius, who flourished 
about the time of the Regifugium. 
Code military, rules and regulations for 
the good order and discipline of an army. 
Of this description are the articles of war. 
CODIA, in botany, a genus of the Oc- 
tandria Digynia class and order. Essential 
character : calyx four-leaved ; petals four j 
