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caiic.s’ sliopj, and examine apotliecaries 
tlicmselves; with seveial other rights and 
pjivileges. 
CoLi.EGE Sion, or tlie College of the 
London clergy, was formerly a religious 
house, next to a spittal, or hospital, and 
now it is a coniposit,ion of both, viz. a col- 
lege for the clergy of London, who were 
incorporated in 1631, at the request of Dr. 
White, under the name of the president 
and fellows of Sion College ; and an hospital 
for ten poor men, the first within the gates 
of the house, and the latter without. This 
College consists of a president, two deans, 
and four assistants, who are annually chosen 
from among the rectors and vicars in Lon- 
don, subject to the visitation of the bishop. 
They have one of the finest libraries in Eng- 
land, built and stocked by Mr. Simpson, 
chiefly for the clergy of the city, witliout 
excluding other students on cei tain terms ; 
they have also a hall with chambers for the 
students, generally filled with the ministers 
of the neighbouring parishes. 
College, Gresham, or College of Phi- 
losophy, a College founded by Sir Thomas 
Gresham, who built the Royal Exchange, 
a moiety of the revenue whereof he gave 
in trust to the Mayor and Commonalty of 
London, and their successors for ever, and 
the other moiety to the Company of Mer- 
cers ; the first, to find four able persons to 
read in the College divinity, astronomy, 
music, and geometry; and the last, three 
or more able men to read rhetoric, civil 
law, and physic ; a lecture upon each 
subject is to be read in term-time, every 
day, except Sundays, in Latin, in the fore- 
noon, and the same in English in the after- 
noon ; only the music lecture is to be read 
alone in English. 
College of Heralds, or College of 
Arms, commonly called the Heralds’ Office, 
a corporation founded by charter of King 
Richard III. who granted them several 
privileges, as to be free from subsidies, 
tolls, offices, &c. They had a second char- 
ter from King Edward VI. ; and a liouse 
built near Doctors’ Commons by the Earl 
of Derby, in the reign of King Henry VII. 
was given them by the Duke of Norfolk, 
in the reign of Queen Mary, which house 
is now rebuilt. This College is subordinate 
to the Earl Marshal of England. Tliey are 
assistants to him in his court of chivalry, 
usually held in the common hall of the Col- 
lege, where they sit in their rich coats of 
his Majesty’s arms. 
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College of Heralds in Scotland. The 
principal person in the Scottish Court of 
Honour, is Lyon King at Arms, who has 
six heralds and six pursuivants, and a great 
number of messengers at arms under him, 
who, together, make up the College of 
Heralds. The Lyon is obliged to hold two 
peremptory courts in the year, at Edin- 
burgh, on the 6th of May and the 6th of 
November, and to call officers of arms and 
their cautioners before him upon com- 
plaints ; aad if found culpable upon trial, 
to deprive and fine them and their cau- 
tioners. Lyon and his bfethren, the he- 
ralds, have pow’er to visit the arms of noble- 
men and gentlemen, and to distinguish them 
with differences, to register them in their 
books, as also to inhibit such to bear arms, 
as by the law of arms ought not to bear 
them, under the pain of escheating to the 
King the thing whereon the arms are 
found, and of a hundred marks Scots to 
Lyon and his brethren ; or of im])risonmcnt 
during Lyon’s pleasure. The College of 
Heralds arc the judges of the majvei sation 
of messengers, whose business is to execute 
summonses and letters of diligence for civil 
debt, real or personal. 
College of Cardinals, sometimes called 
the Sacred College, a body composed of 
the three orders of Cardinals. 
COLLETIA, in botany, a genus of the 
Pentandria Monogynia class and order. 
Corolla campanulate, furnished with five- 
scale-like folds ; calyx none ; fruit three- 
grained. One species, found in the Brazils. 
COLLIERS, vessels employed to carry 
coals from one port to another, principally 
from the northern parts of England to the 
capital, and more southern parts, and fo- 
reign markets. Their trade is known to 
be an excellent nursery for seamen. 
COLLINSONIA, in botany, a genus of 
the Diandria Monogynia class and order. 
Leaves ovate, glabrous ; stem glabrous. 
Two species, found in North America. 
COLI.YRIUM, in pharmacy, a topical 
remedy for disorders of the eyes. 
COLOGNE earth, a substance used in 
))ainting, much approaching to amber in its 
structure, and of a deep brown. It has 
generally been esteemed a genuine eartli, 
but has been discovered to contain a great 
deal of vegetable matter, and, indeed, is a 
very singular substance. It is dug in Ger- 
many and France: the quantities consumed 
in painting in London are brought from Co- 
logne, where it is found very plentifully; 
