COLOURS. 
but sometimes with the addition of extract 
of madder. Stands. 
Rose lake, or rose pink, made of chalk 
tinctured with extract of Brazil wood. Does 
not stand. 
Vermillion is a bright scarlet, made from 
livigated cinnabar. Very apt to turii 
black. 
Red-lead, or minium, levigated, also turns 
black. 
Indian red, an ochre brought from Asia, 
forms a beautiful bright brick red. Works 
freely and stands well. 
Venetian red is a coarser substance, usual- 
ly employed with size, or oil, to imitate ma- 
hogany. 
Light red. This is yellow ochre heated 
until it changes. Stands well, and is much 
used. 
Red chalk is generally cut into slips, and 
used as a crayon. It must be very well 
ground, when it works and stands well, 
either with oil or water. 
Burnt terra sienna is raw sienna calcined 
till it becomes a fine mellow red. It is in 
high estimation for its richness, smoothness, 
and stability. 
Orange is usually a compound colour, but 
may be made from red orpiment, and from 
an infusion of turmeric in spirits of wine, 
with a solution of tin. - 
YELLOWS. 
Indian yellow, made from chalk impreg- 
nated with urine, whereby it in process of 
time acquires a very strong colour. It is of- 
fensive to the smell, and soon fades. 
King's yellow is a strong poison ; the basis 
being yellow orpiment, ground very fine. 
The colour is very rich, but does not stand. 
Nayles yellow comes from that country : 
is prepared from lead and antimony. It 
turns black, especially if in contact with 
iron. 
Yellow ochre, or Roman ochre, an earth 
coloured by oxide of iron. It is dull, but 
stands well. 
Massicot is oxide of lead — very dull, but 
stands. 
Dutch pink is chalk coloured with French 
berries. The colour is beautiful, but soon 
dies. 
Gamboge is a gum very acrid, but highly 
useful. It stands well, mixes freely, and 
gives a rich gloss ; but it does not answer 
with oil. 
Gall-stones are calculi, or stones taken 
from the gall-bladders of animals. See 
Calculi. This colour may be obtained from 
the gall itself. It is superb, but apt to fly. 
Turmeric, and saffron yield a pleasing 
colour, as does annatto, but very volatile. 
BROWNS. 
The finest we have is taken from a small 
bag found in the entrails of the cock-chat- 
fer. 
Bistre is the extract of soot from burnt 
wood. It stands admirably, and is a very 
useful as well as clear colour. It is much 
used for sketches, to which it gives a warm 
appearance. 
Cologne earth, a deep brown, veiy useful, 
made from an ochre said to be from Co- 
logne, but often spurious. 
Raw umber, a light-brown ochre that 
stands well. 
Burnt umber, the former calcined, thence 
acquiring a much richer tint, that stands ad- 
mirably and is much in use. 
Asphaltum is a bituminous substance, 
which being dissolved in turpentine, gives 
a rich deep brown, not unlike that of tar : 
it is used for finishing and for glazhig pic- 
tures. 
Brown pink is made of chalk, coloured 
with fustic, and heightened by fixed alka- 
line salts, which render it extremely vola- 
tile. 
Tobacco Juice makes a veiy rich colour, 
which, mixed with alum, will stand well ; 
it is peculiarly warm and transparent. 
BLACKS. 
Indian ink is supposed to be made from 
the gall of the cuttle-fish, but by many is 
said to be nothing more than a peculiar 
kind of charcoal, or the soot collected from 
burning a species of the acacia. In fact, 
we onlj' know, that it should be black, 
smooth, and glossy when broken ; and that 
it makes remarkably fine black ; some, in- 
deed, have a brownish tint. What is made 
in England is coarse, rough, gritty ; and ge- 
nerally has a bluish cast. 
Lamp black is the soot of oil, collected 
by means of inverted vessels placed over 
the flames ; it is incomparably smooth, and 
stands well ; but is not veiy deep. 
Ivory black is made of ivory, bones, &c, 
exposed to great heat in a well luted cruci- 
ble. It is a very deep, but a cold colour. 
Blue black is made from vine stalks pre- 
pared as above: its colour is deep, but 
with a bluish cast. 
BLUES. 
Indigo is the extract from a plant of that 
