COMPARATIVE ANATOMY. 
for seizing the insects on which the animals 
feed ; body covered with hard substances. 
The armadillo, manis, ant-eater, and orni- 
thorhyncus, or duck-billed animal, belong to 
this order. 
IV. Cheiroptera, having the fingers elon- 
gated for the expansion of a membrane, 
which acts as a wing. 
Vespertilio, bat. 
V. Glires. Rodentia of Cuvier — gnaw- 
ing animals. Have two long and very large 
incisor teeth in each jaw, by which they 
cut and gnaw hard bodies, chiefly vegeta- 
bles ; there is a large interval behind these 
teeth, unoccupied by cuspidati ; long intes- 
tines, and generally a large cmcum. The 
hind legs, being longer than the front extre- 
mities, give to these animals a leaping mode 
of progression. The disproportion is some- 
times so great that the front legs are not 
used in walking. A bone in the penis. 
1. Sciuriis, squirrel. 
2. Glis, dormouse (Myoxus Linn.) 
3. Mus, mouse and rat. 
4. Marmota, marmot. 
5. Cavia, guinea-pig. 
6. Lepus, hare and rabbit. 
7. Jaculus, jerboa. 
8. Castor, beaver. 
9. Hystrix, porcupine. 
VI. Ferce, predaceous and carnivorous 
animals. Very strong and large pointed 
canine teeth : molares forming pointed pro- 
minences ; short and simple alimentary ca- 
nal, and consequently slender belly. 
1. Erinaceus, hedge-hog. 
2. Sorex, shrew. 
3. Talpa, mole. 
4. Meles, badger. 
5. Ursus, bear. 
6. Didelphis, opossum, kanguroo. 
7. Viverra, weasels, ferret, polecat, 
civet. 
8. Mustela, skunk, stoat, &c. 
9. Canis, dog, wolf, jackal, fox, 
hyena. 
10. Felis, cat, lion, tiger, leopard, 
lynx, panther, &c. 
11. Lutra, otter. 
12. Phoca, seal or sea-calf. 
, The five first genera of this order, fom 
the plantigrada of Cuvier ; animals which 
rest the whole of the foot on the ground. 
They are less carnivorous than the others ; 
have a longer intestinal canal, and no cae- 
cum. 
The sixth genus forms the Pedimana of 
the same zoologist ; as they possess a sepa- 
rate thumb on tlie hind extremities only. 
They have a pouch in llie abdomen con- 
taining the mammae, and holding the young 
in their early state. One species, the kan- 
guroo, (didelphis gigantea) must however be 
excepted. That is placed among the ro- 
dentia, and does not possess the separate 
thumb. 
The order carnivora of Cuvier, will in- 
clude from the 7th to the 11th genus : both 
inclnsive. These have a bone in the penis. 
The seal belongs to this amphibia. 
In the three following orders the toes are 
so incased in horny coverings, that they can 
only serve to support the body in standing 
or progression. As these animals all -feed 
on vegetables, the intestines are very long, 
and the belly consequently large. 
VII. Solidun^nla (solipeda Cuvier), a 
single toe on each foot, with an undivided 
hoof; a small and simple stomach, but large 
intestines, and particularly an enormous 
cmcum; incisors in both jaws; mammae in 
the gfoin, as in the pecora. 
1. Equus, horse and ass. 
VIII. Pecora or Bisulca (ruminantia of 
Cuvier), a divided hoof. No incisores in 
the upper jaw, wltere theirplace is supplied 
by a callous prominence ; stomach consist- 
ing of four cavities ; rumination of the food ; 
long intestines. Their fat becomes hard 
and brittle when cold. The mammae are 
placed between the posterior extremities. 
The penis of the male has no bone. 
1 . Camelus, camel, dromedary, lama. 
2. Capra, sheep, goat. 
3. Antilope, antelope, chamois. 
4. Bos, ox, buffalo. 
5. Giraffa, giraffe or camelopard. 
6. Cervus, elk, deer-kind. 
7. Moschus, . musk. 
IX. BellucE, animals of an unshapely 
form, and a tough and thick hide ; whence 
they have been called by Cuvier, pachy- 
derniata (from thick, and skin). 
They have more than two toes ; incisors in 
botli jaws, and in some cases enormous 
tusks ; mammae extend under the belly, 
where they are numerous. 
1. Sns, pig kind, pecari, babiroussa. 
2. Tapir. 
3. Elephas. 
4. Rhinoceros. 
5. Hippopotamus. 
6. Trichecns, morse or walnrs, ma- 
nati or sea-cow. 
The last genus of this order, together 
with the phoca (seals) constitutes the Am- 
