COP 
Rasioning the cloth, &c. to rot very soon. 
It seems that wool is more affected by it 
than felt, as is obvious from the greater du- 
ration of hats beyond what broad cloths, 
&c. exhibit when dyed black. Ink owes 
its rich blackness principally to the coppe- 
ras it contains ; and our fine black leathers 
arc equally indebted to its powerftd quali- 
ties, whicli so firmly fix the colour on all 
occasions. Many servants are in the habit 
of cleansing their copper kitchen utensils 
with green vitriol, which is extremely dan- 
gerous : the copperas is highly corrosive, 
and disengages a very large portion of the 
copper, which cannot be always removed, 
even when much pains are taken, the salt 
being buried under projecting rims, rivets, 
&c. We are apt to believe that many 
most painful and dangerous complaints have 
resulted fretn this, though probably they 
may have been assigned to other supposed 
causes. 
Mr. Murdoch, of Cornwall, obtained a 
patent for extracting copperas from mnndic, 
and other ores containing sulphur, zinc, or 
arsenic. He washes the calcined niundic, 
&c. and by evaporating the liquid produces 
chrystals of copperas. It is probably owing 
in a great degree to the quantity of green 
vitriol it contains, that ink is so effica- 
cious in the cure of burns where the skin is 
not off; but it should be applied without 
delay. Where copperas comes in contact 
with metals, it occasions an oxide to be 
formed, which is highly prejudicial to linens, 
&c. as well as to health. When it acts 
upon iron it produces a stain called iron- 
mould, which may, however, be easily re- 
moved, if attended to in due time, by the 
use of vegetable acids; especially the salt 
of lemons, and partially by cream of tartar, 
which is often sold by those itinerant knaves, 
who impose on the ignorant throughout the 
country, for the concentrated salt of that 
fruit. 
COPROSMA, in botany, a genus of the 
Polygamia Monoecia class and order. Na- 
tural order of Stellatse. Rubiaceae, Jus- 
sieu. Essential character: calyx one-leaf- 
ed, five-toothed ; corolla five or six cleft; 
stamina five, six, or seven. Herm. styles two, 
long; berry containing two, flatfish seeds. 
Thei« are two species, viz. C. foetidissima, 
and C. Incida, both shrubs ; leaves oppo- 
site, with a stipule interposing; peduncles 
axillary, one, or many-flowered ; flowers 
male and hermaphrodite; corolla differ- 
ently divided, and the number of stamens 
uncertain, from five to seven. These were 
CO I* 
discovered in Queen Charlotte’s Sound, 
New Zealand. 
COPULA, in logic, the verb that con- 
nects any two terms in an affirmative or ne- 
gative ; as “ riches make a man happy ;” 
where make is the copula : “ no weakness, 
is a virtue ;” where is is the coprrla. 
COPULATIVE propositions, in logid, 
those where the subject and predicate are 
so linked together, by copulative conjunc- 
tions, that they may be all severally af- 
firmed or denied one of another. Example, 
“ Riches and honours are apt to elate the 
mind, and increase the number of our de- 
sires.’’ 
COPY, in a law sense, signifies the tran- 
script of any original writing, as the copy 
of a patent, charter, deed, &c. A com- 
mon deed cannot be proved by a copy or 
counterpart, where the original may be pro- 
cured. But if the deed be inrolled, cer- 
tifying an attested copy, is proof of the in- 
rollment, and such copy may be given in 
evidence. 
Copy is also used for the imitation of an 
original work, more particularly in paint- 
ing, draught, figure, &c. 
Copy, among printers, denotes the ma- 
nuscript, or original of a book, given to be 
printed. 
Copy is used for an imitation of any ori- 
ginal work, particularly a painting, draw- 
ing, figure, &c. Of late years many methods 
have been invented for taking copies of let- 
ters, or other MS., for the convenience of 
merchants, &c. Mr. Watt, of Birmingham, 
obtained a patent for a copying machine, 
which acts as a rolling press : the ink made 
use of is of a particular quality, which pre- 
vents its drying too quickly, and the paper 
on which the copy is to be taken is unsized, 
and in other respects prepared for the pur- 
pose. There have been other contrivances 
of polygraphs for making two or more co- 
pies at the same time of any writing. But 
the most simple method, where the prac- 
tice is not much called for, consists in put- 
ting a little sugar in common writing ■ ink, 
and with this tlie writing is made on com- 
mon paper ; and when a copy is required, 
unsized paper is taken and lightly moistened 
with a sponge. The wet paper is then ap- 
plied to the writing, and a flat iron of a 
moderate heat being lightly passed over the 
unsized paper, the copy is immediately pro- 
duced. The use of the sugar is to prevent 
the ink from drying too soon. 
CoPY-hold, a tenure for which a tenant 
has nothing to shew but the copy of the 
