COR 
tals, &c. All corporations are said to be 
ecclesiastical or lay: ecclesiastical are ei- 
ther regular, as abbies, priories, chapters, 
&c. or secular, as bishoprics, deaneries, 
archdeaconries, &c. ; lay, as those of cities, 
towns, companies, or communities of com- 
merce, &c. 
Corporations may be established three 
different ways, viz. by prescription, letters 
patent, or act of parliament ; but are most 
commonly established by patent or char- 
ter. London is a corporation by prescrip- 
tion ; but though corporations may be by 
prescription, yet it shall be intended, that it 
did originally derive its authority by a grant 
from the king. 
A corporation may be dissolved ; for it 
is created upon a trust, and if it be broken, 
it is forfeited. No person shall bear office 
in any corporation but such as have re- 
ceived the sacrament, taken oaths, &c. and 
none are to execute in a corporation for 
more than a year. A corporation cannot 
sue or appear in person, but by an at- 
torney. 
Ordinances made by corporations, to be 
observed on pain of imprisonment, forfei- 
ture of goods, &c. are contrary to Magna 
Charta. Actions arising in any corporation, 
may be tried in the corporation courts ; 
but if they try actions not within their 
jurisdictions, and encroach upon the com- 
mon law, they are liable to be punished 
for it. The corporation of the city of 
London is to answer for all particular mis- 
demeanors committed in any of the courts 
of Justice witliin the city, and for all other 
general misdemeanors committed in the 
city. 
CORPUSCULAR philosophy, that way 
of philosophising which endeavours to ex- 
plain things, and to account for the pheno- 
mena of nature by the motion, figure, rest, 
position, &c. of the corpuscles, or the mi- 
nute particles of matter. 
Boyle reduces the principles of the cor- 
puscular philosophy to the four following 
heads. 
1 . That there is but one universal kind of 
matter, which is an extended, impenetra- 
ble, and divisible substance, common to all 
bodies, and capable of all forms. On this 
head, Newton remarks thus : “ All things 
considered, it appears probable to me, that 
God in the beginning created matter in so- 
lid, hard, impenetrable, moveable parti- 
cles ; of such sizes and figures, and with 
such other properties, as most conduced to 
tire end for which he formed them ; and 
COR 
that these primitive particles, being solids, 
are incomparably harder than any of the 
sensible porous bodies compounded of 
them ; even so hard as never to wear or 
break in pieces ; no other power being 
able to divide what God made one in the 
first creation. While these corpuscles re- 
main entire, they may compose bodies of 
one and the same nature and texture in all 
ages ; but should they wear away, or break 
in pieces, the nature of things depending on 
them would be changed ; water and earth, 
composed of old worn particles, of frag- 
ments of particles, would not be of the 
same nature and texture now, with water 
and eartli composed of entire particles at 
the beginning. And therefore, that nature 
may be lasting, the changes of corporeal 
things are to be placed only in the various 
separations, and new associations, of these 
permanent corpuscles.” 
2. That this matter, in order to form the 
vast variety of natui’al bodies, must have 
motion in some, or all its assignable parts ; 
and that this motion was given to matter by 
God, the creator of ail things ; and has 
all manner of directions and tendencies. 
“ These corpuscles, says Newton, have not 
only a vis inertiee, accompanied with such 
passive laws of motion as naturally result 
from that force ; but also are moved by 
certain active principles ; such as that of 
gravity, and that which causes fermenta- 
tion, and the cohesion of bodies.” 
3. That matter must also be actually di- 
vided into parts ; and each of these primi- 
tive particles, fragments, or atoms of mat- 
ter, must have its proper magnitude, figure, 
and shape. 
4. That these differently sized and 
shaped particles, have different orders, po- 
sitions, situations, and postures, from whence 
all the variety of compound bodies arises. 
See Atomic Philosophy : Attraction, 
CORREA, in botany, a genus of the 
Octandria Monogynia class and order : 
calyx cainpanulate, four-toothed ; petals 
four, reflected at the ends ; capsule four- 
celled, fonr-valved, with a single seed in 
each. One species, the alba, a shrub, is a 
native of Port Jackson. 
CORRECTION, in printing', the point- 
ing out or discovering the faults in a printed 
sheet, in order to be amended by the com- 
positor, before it be printed off. See 
Printers, marks of. 
CORRIGIOLA, in botany, a genus of 
the Pentandria Trigynia class and order. 
Natural order of Holoracese. Portulacear, 
