CRI 
■linntes for each man to come in when one 
is out, and ten minutes between each hand. 
To mark the ball that it may not be chang- 
ed. They are sole, judges of all outs and 
ins, of all fair or unfair play, of all frivolous 
delays, of all hurts, whether real or pretend- 
ed, and are discretionally to allow what 
time they think proper before the game 
goes on again. In case of a real hurt to a 
striker they are to allow another to remain, 
and Ihe person hurt to come in again ; but 
are not to allow a fresh man to play on 
either side on any account. They are sole 
judges of all hindrances, crossing the players 
in running, and standing unfair to strike ; 
and, in case of hindrance, may order a notch 
to be scored. They are not to order any 
man out unless appealed to by one of the 
players. Those laws are to the umpires 
jointly. 
Each umpire is the sole judge of all nips 
and catches, ins and outs, good or bad runs, 
at bis own wicket, and his determination 
shall be absolute, and he shall not be chang- 
ed for another umpire witliout the co7i5eiit 
of both sides. When the four balls are 
bowled, he is to call over. These laws are 
separately. 
When both umpires call play three times 
it is at the peril of giving the game from 
them that refuse to play. 
CRIME, the transgression of a law, either 
natural or divine, civil or ecclesiastic. 
Civilians distinguish between crimen and 
delictum. By the first they mean capital 
offences injurious to the whole community, 
as murder, perjury, &c. the prosecution of 
which was permitted to all persons, though 
no ways immediately interested. By the 
latter they understand private offences com- 
mitted against individuals, as theft, &c. By 
the laws, no body was allowed to prosecute 
in these, except tiiose interested. 
With us crimes are distinguished into ca- 
pital, as treason, murder, robbery, &c. and 
commoti, as perjuries, &c. Again, some 
crimes are cognizable by the king’s judges, 
as the above-mentioned'; and others are 
only cognizable in the spiritual courts, as 
simple fornication. 
CRIIMNOIDES, or Crimoides, among 
physicians, a terra sometimes used for the 
sediment of urine, resembling bran. 
CRIMSON, one of the seven red co- 
lours of the dyers. See Dyeing. 
CRINODENDRUM, in botany, a genus 
of the Monadelphia Decandria class and 
order. Essential character: calyx none; 
corolla bell-shaped, wx-petalled; capsule 
CRI 
oiie-celled, gaping elastically at top. Tlier® 
is but one species, viz. C. patagua, a beau- 
tiful evergreen branchy tree, with a body 
seven feet in diameter. It is a native of 
Chili. 
CRINUM, in botany, a genus of the 
He.xandria Monogynia class and oixlef. 
Natural order of Spathacae, Narcissi, Jus- 
sieu, Essential character: corolla funnel- 
form, inonopetalous, six-parted, three alter- 
nate segments unciate ; germ at tlie bottom 
of the corolla, covered; stamina distant. 
There are six species. 
CRITHMUM, in botany, a genus of the 
Pentandria Digynia class and order. Natu- 
ral order of Umbellatae. Essential charac- 
ter: fruit oval, compressed; florets equal, 
Ujere are three species. 
CRITICISM, from the Greek wal'd 
xjivcu, signifies, in general, the art of judg- 
ing : but, in its more restrained and usual 
sense, denotes the art of judging with pro- 
priety concerning the nature of literary 
compositions. 
Notwithstanding the ignorance and inso- 
lence which have occasionally disgraced the 
writings ot professed critics of minor rank, 
and notwithstanding the sneers of one of 
the wittiest of English authors against what 
he denominates the “ cant of criticism,” and 
his memorable eulogium of those who “ are 
pleased they know not why, and care not 
wherefore,” the art of criticism is founded 
in nature, and every man of thinking mind 
is led to the practice of that art. The me- 
rits or demerits of literary works are a per- 
petual subject of comment, and the intel- 
ligent reader is not contented with referring 
to his own immediate feelings as the grounds 
of his verdict, but appeals to certain prin- 
ciples which he regards as established, and 
which he quotes as the guides of opinion. 
When, after we have perused a poem, or at- 
tended at the representation of a play, we 
call to mind what has pleased and what has 
displeased us in the whole, or in the parts of 
it, we exercise criticism in its simplest form ; 
but when at the call of a laudable curio- 
sity, or in order to enable ourselves to de- 
tail the reasons of our admiration or of out 
disappointment, we attentively examine 
those reasons, we rise into the regions of 
philosophy ; and the principles which are 
founded on the basis of philosophy can 
alone constitute tlie standard of tine taste. 
If these principles i)e the rules by which 
the intelligent reader forms his decision up- 
on the character of an author’s writings, it 
is evident that the writer who would wish 
