CYP 
C VN 
•anil virtue are the same. A wise man will 
always be contented w'ith his condition, 
and will live rather according to the pre- 
cepts of virtue, than according to the laws 
or customs of his country. Wisdom is a 
secure and impregnable fortress ; virtue, 
armour which cannot be taken away. 
Whatever is honourable is good ; whatever 
is disgraceful is evil. Virtue is the only 
bond of friendship. It is better to asso- 
ciate with a few good men against a vicious 
multitude, than to join the vicious, however 
numerous, against tlie good. The love of 
pleasure is a temporary madness. The fol- 
lowing maxims and apothegms are also as- 
cribed to Antisthenes : As rust consumes 
iron, so doth envy consume the heart of 
man. That state is hastening to ruin, in 
which no difference is made between good 
and bad men. The harmony of brethren 
is a stronger defence than a wall of brass. 
A wise man converses with the wicked, as 
a physician With the sick, not to catch the 
disease, hut to cure it. A philosopher 
gains at least one thing from his manner of 
life, a power of conversing with himself. 
The most necessary part of learning is, to 
vuilearn our errors. The man who is afraid 
of another, whatever he may think of him- 
self, is a slave. Antisthenes, being told 
that a bad man had been praising him, 
said, “ What foolish thing have I been do- 
ing ?” 
CYNIPS, gall-fly, in natural history, a 
genus of insects of the order Hymenopteva. 
Generic character : mouth with a short one- 
toothed membranaceous jaw, the mandibles 
vaulted ; homy cleft, the lip entire, feelers 
four, short unequal capitate ; antennae nio- 
niliform ; sting spiral, often concealed with- 
in the body. There are 35 species enume- 
rated. The mnnerous excrescences, or 
galls, found on the roots, branches, and 
leaves of various trees are produced by the 
puncture of these insects ; the larva is with- 
out feet, soft, cylindrical, and inhabits 
within the gall, feeding on the juices of the 
tree : the pupa resembles the perfect in- 
sect, except in having only the rudiments 
of wings. C. querci, or oak-leaf cynips, is 
of a burnished shining brown colour. It is 
found in the hard galls under oak leaves, 
generally fastened to the fibres. Fre- 
quently instead of the cynips tliere is seen 
an ichneumon, wiiich is a larger insect. 
This is not the inmate of the gall, or he 
that formed it, but a parasite, whose mo- 
ther deposited her eggs in tlie yet tender 
gall, which j when hatched, brings forth a 
larva that destroys the larva of the cynips, 
and comes out when it has undergone its 
inetamorphosis, and acquired its wings. 
The cynips of the oak-bud is of a very dark 
green, slightly gilded : it produces one of 
the finest galls, leafed like a rose-bud be- 
ginning to blow. Tlie gall is often an inch 
in diameter, 
CYNOGLOSSUM, in botany, English 
hound’s-tongue, a genus of the Pentandria 
Monogynia fclass and order. Natural order 
of Asperifoliae. Borragineae, Jussien. Es- 
sential character ; corolla funnel form, the 
throat closed with arches ; seeds flat, af- 
fixed to the style by the inside only. There 
are twelve species. 
CYNOMETIlA,iu botany, a genus of 
the Decandrla Monogynia class and order. 
Natural order of Leguminosae. Essential 
character : calyx four-leaved j anthers bifid 
at the tip ; legume fleshy, crescent shaped • 
one-seeded. There are two species, vizj 
C. cauliflora and C. ramiflora. These trees 
are natives of the East Indies. Their 
flowers are conjugate ; and their peduncles 
are many flowered. 
CYNOMORIUM, in botany, a genus of 
thq Monoecia Monandria class and order. 
Natural order of Amentace®. Essential 
character : male calyx an imbricate ament ; 
corolla none ; female calyx in the same 
ament ; corolla none ; style one, seed one, 
roundish. There are three species. 
CYNOSURUS, in botany, dog's-tail, a 
genus of the Triandria Digynia class anil 
order. Natural order of Gramina or 
Grasses. Essential character : calyx two- 
valved, many-flowered ; receptacle proper, 
unilateral, leafy. There are twenty spe- 
cies. Several of them are natives of the 
East and West Indies. Few of these are 
known in Europe, otherwise than by speci- 
mens or description. 
CYPERUS, in botany, a genus of the 
TriandriaMonogynia class and order. N atural 
order of Calamari®. Cyperoide®, Jussieu. 
Essential character : glumes cliafly, imbri- 
cate in two row's ; corolla none ; seed one, 
naked. There are fifty-three species. Most 
of these plants have three cornered culms or 
stems. The flowers in aggregate peduncled 
and umbelled spikes. The lower chaffs are 
frequently empty. The greater part of them 
are natives of the East or West Indies, and 
will therefore, if propagated here, require 
the protection of the bark-stove. 
CYPHER, or Ciphek. To write in 
cypher denotes the art of comm,unicating 
