CYP 
haunts are stagnant waters, wliich have a 
soft and muddy bottom, and under this it is 
supposed, by many, to lie concealed and 
toipid during the w’inter. The ancients 
considered it as a fish fit only for vulgar 
tables, and in Germany the same opinion is 
now prevalent ; in England, however, it is 
considered as a delicacy. It differs much 
in quality according to the situation it 
dwells in, and the male fish is generally con- 
sidered as far superior to the female. The 
tench resembles the carp in extraordinary 
tenacioiisness of life, as also in rapid growth 
and extreme fecundity. 
C, jeses, the chub, is a fish frequently to 
be met with in this country, but is generally 
much smaller here than in many other parts 
of Europe, as it weighs in Germany com- 
monly from five to eight 'pounds : it is 
strong and swift, and prefers the most 
clear and rapid streams; it grows but slow- 
ly, and it is considered as tasteless and 
coarse food. 
C. gobio, or gudgeon, abounds much in 
the rivers of this country, particularly in the 
Kennet and Cole, where it is also in the 
highest perfection. Gudgeons veiyf rarely ex- 
ceed a few ounces in w’eight : they prefer 
small lakes and gently flowing rivers, espe- 
cially where there is a gravelly bottom, to 
all other situations : small worms and aqua- 
tic insects are their food, and in quest of 
tliese they almost always remain at the 
bottom of (he streams where they reside : 
they are extremely prolific, and highly ad- 
mired for the table : they do not deposit 
at once all their spawn, but witli consider- 
able intervals, so that the whole process 
continues for a month. In some places of 
Germany the lakes are most copiously stor- 
ed with these tish. 
C. phoxinus, or minnow, is frequent in 
clear gravelly streams, and in England ap- 
peal's first in March, and towards Novem- 
ber slielters itself in the muddy or gravelly 
bottom, remaining in this secreted and, 
perhaps, in a torpid state, duiiiig the win- 
ter : it is about three inches in length ; and 
is one of the most elegant of European 
fishes : it is gregarious, and though but sel- 
dom used for food on account of its minute 
size, is regarded as a very delicate fish : it 
is frequently employed as bait for trout and 
other comparatively large fishes known to 
prey upon them with great avidity. 
CYPRIPEDIUM, in botany, English 
CYT 
ladies’ slipper, a genus of the Gynandiia 
Diandria class and order. Natural order of 
Orchide®. Essential character : nectary 
ventricose, inflated, hollow. There are 
five species. 
CYRILLA, in botany, so named in licv 
nour of Dominico Cyrillo, a genus of the 
Didynamia Angiospermia class and order. 
Natural order of Personal®. Essential 
character : calyx superior, fiye-leaved ; li- 
near lanceolate ; corolla declined, funnel 
form ; tube cylindric, gibbous on its lower 
edge ; throat tricallous ; segments round- 
ish, the three lower more produced ; fila- 
ments inserted into the margin of the co- 
rolla, incurved, with a fifth barren ; anthers 
cohering; germ inferior, half emerging, 
witli a nectareous lid ; style bent down ; 
stigma two-lobed ; capside half two-celled;^ 
with two. parted receptacles ; seeds nu- 
merous. There is but one species, viz, C. 
pulchella, a native of Jamaica. 
CYRTANTHUS, in botany, a genus of 
the Hexandria Monogynia class and order ; 
Natural order of Spathace®. Narcissi, 
Jussieu. Essential character : corolla tu- 
bular, club-shaped, crooked, six-cleft ; seg- 
ments ovate oblong ; filaments inserted into, 
tile tube, converging at top. There are 
two species, viz. C. angustifolius, narrow- 
leaved cyrtanthus, and C. obliquus, oblique- 
leaved cyrtanthus. These are both natives 
of the Cape of Good Hope. 
CYTINUS, in botany, a genus of the 
Gynandria Octandria class and order. Na- 
tural order of Aristolochi®, Jussieu. Essen- 
tial chai'acter ; style one ; calyx four- 
cleft, superior; corolla none ; anthers six- 
teen, sessile ; berry eight-celled, with many 
seeds. There is but one species, viz. C. 
hypocistis, rape of cistus, a parasitical plant 
growing at the roots of the cistus ; leaves ses- 
sile, closely imbricate ; flowers terminating, 
heaped. Native of the country of Nice, 
Spain, Portugal, and Barbary. 
CYTISUS, in botany, laburnum, a genus 
of the Diadelphia Decandria class and or- 
der. Natural order pf Papilionace®, or 
Eeguminos®. Essential character : calyx 
two-lipped; upper lip two-cleft; lower 
three-toothed; legume attenuated at the 
base. There are eighteen species. All the 
cytisus’s are shrubs without spines, most 
of them fit for ornamental plantations. 
They are hardy ; the leaves are ternate, 
and in some the flowers grow in bunches. 
