N 
DEL 
tween moral good and evil, deny that God 
takes any notice of the morally good or 
evil actions of men ; these things depend- 
ing, as they imagine, on the arbitrary cou- 
stTtutions of human laws. 3. Those who 
having right apprehensions concerning the 
natural attributes of God, and his all-go- 
verning providence, and some notion of his 
moral perfections also ; yet being preju- 
diced against the notion of the immortality 
of the human soul, believe that men perish 
intirely at death, and tliat one generation 
shall perpetually succeed another, without 
any future restoration or renovation of 
things. 4. Such as believe the existence 
of a Supreme Being, together with his pro- 
vidence in the government of tlie world, 
as also the obligations of natural religion ; 
but so far only, as these things ate discove- 
rable by the light of nature alone, without 
believing any divine revelation. These 
last are the only true Deists ; but as the 
principles of these men would naturally 
lead them to embrace the Christian reve- 
lation, the learned author concludes there 
is now no consistent scheme of deism in 
the world. 
DELEGATES, court of, is so called, 
because the judges'thereof are delegated by 
the King’s commission under the great seal, 
to hear and determine appeals in the three 
following cases: 1. Where a sentence is 
given in any ecclesiastical cause by the 
archbishop or his official. 2. When any 
sentence is given in any ecclesiastical cause 
in the places exempt. 3. When a sentence 
is given in the admiral’s court, in suits ci- 
vil and marine, by order of the civil law. 
This commission is usually filled with lords 
spiritual and temporal, judges of tlie courts 
at Westminster, and doctors of the civil 
law. 
DELIVERANCE, a criminal brought to 
trial, to which pleading not guilty, he puts 
himself on God and his country ; the clerk 
of the crown wishes him a good deliver- 
ance. 
DELFT ware, a kind of pottery of baked 
earth, covered with an enamel or while 
glazing, which gives it the appearance and 
neatness of porcelain. Some kinds of this 
enamelled pottery differ much from others, 
either in their sustaining sudden heat witli- 
out breaking, or in the beauty and regula- 
rity of their forms, of their enamel, and of 
the painting with which they are orna- 
mented. In general, the fine and beautiful 
enamelled potteries, which approach the 
nearest to porcelain in external appearance, 
DEL 
are, at the same time, those which least 
resist a brisk fire. Again, those which 
sustain a sudden heat, are coarse, and re- 
semble common pottery, The basis of this 
pottery is clay, which is to be mixed with 
such a quantity of sand, that the earth shall 
preserve enough of its ductility to be 
worked, moulded, and turned easily ; and 
yet that its fatness shall be sufficiently 
taken from it, that it may not crack or 
shrink too much in drying or in baking. 
Vessels formed of this earth must be dried 
very gently to avoid cracking. They are 
tlien to be placed in a furnace to receive 
a slight baking, which is only meant to give 
them a certain consistence or hardness. 
And lastly, they are to be covered with an 
enamel or glazing, which is done by put- 
ting upon the vessels thus prepared, the 
enamel which has been ground very fine, 
and diluted with water. 
As vessels on which the enamel is ap- 
plied are but slightly baked, they readily 
imbibe the w'ater in which the enamel is 
suspended, and a layer of the enamel ad- 
heres to their surface ; these vessels may 
then be painted with colours composed of 
metallic calces, mixed and ground with a 
fusible gl^s. When they are become per- 
fectly dry, they are to be placed in the fur- 
nace, included in cases of baked earth 
called seggars, and exposed to a heat capa- 
ble of fusing uniformly the enamel wliicli 
covers them. This heat given to fuse the 
enamel, being much stronger than that 
which was applied at first to give some con- 
sistence to the ware, is also the heat neces- 
sary to complete the baking of it. The 
furnace and colours used for painting this 
ware, are the same as those employed for 
porcelain. The glazing, which is nothing 
but white enamel, ought to be so opaque 
as not to show the ware under it. There 
are many receipts for making these ena- 
mels ; but all of them are composed of sand 
or flints, vitrifying salts, oxide of lead, and 
oxide of tin ; and the sand must be perfectly 
vitrified, so as to form a glass considerably 
fusible. Somewhat less than an equal part 
of alkaline salt, or twice its weight of oxide 
of lead, is requisite to effect such vitrifica- 
tions of sand. The oxide of tin is not in- 
tended to be vitrified, but to give a -white 
opaque colour to the mass ; and one part 
of it is to be added to three or four parts 
of all the other ingredients taken togetlier. 
From these general principles various ena- 
mels may be made -to suit the different 
kinds of earths. To make the enamel. 
