DIP 
39. 38, 31, 21, 35. 35, 14, 20, 18, 21, 19, 
20,35,34. 20,38,39,19. 32,35,31,35,18. 
22, 39, 20, 38. 13, 31, 14, 24. 20, 38, 39, 
14, 37, 19. 31, 19. 20, 15. 20, 38, 35. 
13,31, 14,31,37,39,14,37. 15,36. 20, 
38, 35. 31, 36, 36, 31, 39, 18. 18, 35, 17, 
21, 39, 19, 39, 20, 35. 36, 15, 18. 24, 15, 
21. 20, 15. 11, 14J 15, 22. 18, 35, 13, 
35, 13, 32, 35, 18. 20, 38, 31, 20. 15, 14. 
14, 15. 31, 33, 33, 15, 21, 14, 20. 24, 15, 
21. 36, 31, 39, 12. 20, 15. 13, 35, 35, 
^0. 13, 35. 31, 20. 14, 39, 14, 35. 20, 
15, 13, 15, 18, 18, 15, 22. 14, ,39, 37, 38, 
20. 36, 15, 18. 22, 35. 13, 21, 19, 20. 
14, 15, 20. 14, 15, 22. 34, 35, 12, 31, 24. 
20, 38, 35. 19, 21, 18, 16, 18, 39, 25, 35. 
15,36. 20,38,35. 33,31, 19, 20, 12,35. 
22, 38, 35, 14. 20, 38, 39, 14, 37, 19. 31, 
18,35. 39, 21, 19,20. 18, 39, 16,35. 36, 
,15, 18. 35, 23, 35, 33, 21, 20, 39, 15, 14. 
By practising the foregoing rules the stu- 
dent will find that this method of secret 
writing in plain cypher, may with as much 
ease, if not as much speed, be decyphered 
as written. 
In all cases, begin first to decypher the 
single characters and shortest monosylla- 
bles ; mark down on a separate paper any 
corresponding signs and letters you disco- 
ver, and count the different characters 
throughout the piece, in order to compare 
their frequency, &c. It will generally, if 
not always, happen, that the most frequent 
is e. 
. In the whole of the preceding instruc- 
tions it may be observed, that the supposi- 
tions of a single alphabet, and of the spaces 
between the words being discoverable, or 
the nulls few, have been made throughout. 
But it may happen that the spaces may 
have been very artfully concealed; that the 
mills may be, at least, as many as the signi- 
ficant characters ; and that both the one 
and the other, being more numerous than 
the letters of an alphabet may be inter- 
mixed, not only at the ends but in the 
body of all short words, and made to recur 
by a system of periodical change, which 
shall ease the writer of the burthen of their 
number, and nevertheless prevent the de- 
cypherer from having any considerable por- 
tion of similar writing to operate upon. 
When these and other difficulties are op- 
posed to the exercise of the rules above 
laid down, the decypherer will have an op- 
portunity of exercising his natural or ac- 
.quired sagacitj'; and though the advantage 
DIP 
may be on the side of the writer; yet the 
patience and continued trials of the decy- 
pherer will, in actual business, be often re- 
warded by discoveries, at which he him- 
self will look back with surprise. , 
DIPLOMATICS, a word derived from 
diploma, in this instance signifying the 
King’s letters patent, for the immediate ex- 
pediting of an ambassador or envoy to a fo- 
reign court. The art of diplomatics has 
been cultivated with great assiduity by 
every nation in Europe for very many years 
past, and men experienced in political his- 
tory, of engaging manners, and possessing a 
considerable share of duplicity, have always 
been selected by each to practise it. The 
principal aim of the corps diplomatique (as 
the French term ambassadors) is to disco- 
ver the movements and intentions- of their 
brethren, and to conceal their own ; in or- 
der to accomplish this purpose, artifice, 
bribery, deceit, and prevarication, are more 
frequently necessary than open and manly 
conduct. This art has produced changes 
in states, surprising and calamitous, and 
often counteracted the hostile intentions of 
neighbouring nations, nor was it ever bet- 
ter understood and practised than at the 
present moment, as the sudden friendships, 
and unexpected enmities of the courts of 
Europe daily evince. 
DIPPING, among miners, signifies the 
interruption, or breaking oflT, of the veins 
of ore ; an accident that gives them a great 
deal of trouble before they can discover the 
ore again. 
Dipping needle. See Magnetism. 
DIPSACUS, ill botany, a genus of the 
Tetrandria Monogynia class and order. 
Natural order of Aggregatae. Dipsace®, 
Jussieu. Essential character; calyx com- 
mon many-leaved ; proper superior ; recep- 
tacle chaffy. There are four species; these 
are biennial, tall, herbaceous plants, prick- 
ly, terminated by rough heads of Howers ; 
the leaves are sometimes connate at the 
base, forming a basin. D. fullonum, culti- 
vated teasel, is reared in great quantities in 
the West of England, for raising the nap 
upon woollen cloths, by means of the crook- 
ed awns or chaffs upon the heads, which, in 
the wild sort, are straight. For this purpose 
they are fixed upon the circumference of a 
large broad wheel, which turns round while 
the cloth is held against them. 
DIPTERA, in natural history, an order 
of insects in the Linuman system. This or- 
der contains such insects as are furnished 
