DROWNING. 
an evacuation that way. Tlie following is 
a description of instruments recommended 
for such operations, by our author. First, 
A pair of bellows, so contrived with two 
separate cavities, that, by opening them 
when applied to the nostrils or mouth of 
a patient, one cavity will be filled with 
common air, and the other with air sucked 
out from the lungs, and by shutting them 
again, the common air will be thrown 
into the lungs, and that sucked out of 
the lungs discharged into the room. The 
pipe of these should be flexible ; in length 
a foot, or a foot and a half, and at least 
three eighths of an inch in width. By this 
the artificial breathing may be continued 
while the other operations, the application 
of the stimuli to the stomach excepted, are 
going on, which could not be conveniently 
done if the mnzzle of the bellows were in- 
troduced into the nose. The end next the 
nose should be double, and applied to both 
nostrils. Secondly, A syringe, with a Iml- 
low bougie, or flexible catheter, of suffici- 
ent length to go into the stomach, and con- 
vey any stimulating matter into it, without 
affecting the lungs. Thirdly, A pair of 
small bellows, such as are commonly used 
in throwing fumes of tobacco up by the anus. 
Within these few years great numbers of 
drowned people have been restored to life 
by a proper use of the remedies we have 
enumerated, and societies for the recovery 
of drowned persons have been instituted in 
different places. The first society of tiiis 
kind was instituted in Holland, where, 
from tne great abundance of canals and in- 
land seas, the inhabitants are particularly 
exposed to accidents by water. In a very 
few years 150 persons were saved from death 
by this society ; and many of these had conti- 
nued upwards of an hour without any signs 
of life, after they had been taken out of 
tlie water. The society was instituted at 
Amsterdam in 1767, and, by an advertise- 
ment, informed the inhabitants of the 
United Provinces of the methods proper to 
be used on such occasions ; offering rewards 
at the same time to those who should, with 
or without success, use those methods for 
recovering persons drowned and seemingly 
dead. The laudable and humane example 
of the Dutch was followed in the year 
1768, by the magistrates of health in Milan 
and Venice ; afterwards by tlie magistrates 
of Hamburgh, m the year 1771 ; by those of 
Paris, in the year 1772 ; and by the magis- 
trates of London in 1774. 
The following directions are given for the 
recovery of drowned persons by the society 
at London : 1. As soon as the patient is 
taken out of the water, the wet clotlies, if 
the person is not naked at the time of the 
accident, should be taken off w'ith all pos- 
sible expedition on the spot (unless some 
convenient house be very near), and a great 
coat or two, or some blankets if conveni- 
ent, should be wrapped round the body. 
2. The patient is to be thus carefully con- 
veyed in the arms of three or four men, 
or on a bier, to the nearest public or other 
house, where a good fire, if in the win- 
ter season, and a warm bed, can be made 
ready for its reception. As the body is 
conveying to this place, a great attention 
is to be paid to the position of the head ; it 
must be kept supported in a natural and 
easy posture, not suffered to hang down. 
3. In cold or moist weather, the patient is 
to be laid on a mattrass or bed before the 
fire, but not too near, or in a moderately 
heated room ; in warm and sultry weather 
on a bed only. The body is then to be 
wrapped as expeditiously as possible with a 
blanket, and thoroughly dried with warm 
coarse cloths or flannels. 4. In summer 
or sultry weather too much air cannot be 
admitted. For this reason it will be neces- 
sary to set open tlie windows and doors, 
as cool refreshing air is of the greatest im- 
portance in the process of resuscitation. — 
5. Not more tlian six persons are to be 
present to apply the proper means ; a 
greater number wilt he useless, and may re- 
tard, or totally prevent, the restoration of 
life, by rendering the air of tire apartment 
unwholesome. It will be necessary, there- 
fore, to request the absence of those who at- 
tend merely fr om motives of curiosity. 6. 
It will be proper for one of the assistants, 
with a pair of bellows of the common size, 
applying the pipe a little way up one nostril, 
to blow with some force, in order to intro- 
duce air into the lungs ; at the same time 
the other nostril and the mouth are to he 
closed by another assistant, whilst a third 
person gently presses the chest with his 
hands, after the lungs are observed to be 
inflated. By pursuing this process, the 
noxious and stagnant vapours will be ex- 
pelled, and natural breathing imitated. If 
the pipe of the bellows be too large, the air 
may be blown in at the moutli, the nostrils 
at the same time being closed, so that it may 
not escape that w'ay : but the lungs are 
more easily filled, and natural breathing 
better imitated, by blowing up the nostril. 
7. Let the body he gently rubbed with 
