Oebes GAVIJE.] 
[Fam. LAEID^. 
LAEUS DOMINICANUS. 
(SOUTHEEN BLACK-BACKED GULL.) 
Larus dominicanus, Licht. Verz. Doubl. p. 82 (1823). 
Lams littoreus, Forster, Descr. Anim. p. 46 (1844). 
Larus antipodus, Gray, Cat. Anseres, Brit. Mus. p. 169 (1844). 
Dominicanus antipodus, Bruch, J. f. O. 1853, p. 100. 
Clupeilartis antipodum, Bonap. C. R. xlii. p. 770 (1856). 
Larus vociferus, Burm. Syst. Uebers. Th. Bras. p. 448 (1856). 
Dominicanus azarw, Bonap. Consp. Gen. Av. ii. p. 214 (1857). 
Lestris antarcticus, Ellman, Zool. 1861, p. 7472. 
Lestris fuscus, Ellman, Zool. 1861, p. 7472. 
Ljarus antipodum. Gray, Ibis, 1 862, p. 248. 
Larus pad ficus, Layard, Ibis, 1863, p. 245. 
Larus azarm, Pelz. Eeise Nov. p. 151 (1865). 
Native names. 
Karoro ; the young bird distinguished as Ngoiro, Koiro, and Punua. 
Ad. capite toto cum collo undique et corpore subtus toto albis : interscapulio, scapularibus cum dorso summo et 
tectricibus alarum ciuereo-nigricantibus : remigibus nigris, late albo terminatis, secundariis latissime, primario 
prime fascia subterminali alba uotato : dorso postico, uropygio, supracaudalibus et cauda tota pure albis : 
subalaribus cum asillaribus et secundariis intus albis : rostro citrino, mandibuM maculft prseapicali sanguined 
notata : pedibus viridi-flavicantibus vix grisescentibus : iride argenteo-alba. 
Juv. suprd brunneus, dorsi plumis late albido marginatis, dorso postico et uropygio albis brunneo irregulariter 
notatis et fasciatis : capite et collo postico brunneis albido striolatis : tectricibus alarum brunneis pallidius 
marginatis, medianis et majoribus albido terminatis : remigibus nigricanti-brunneis, secundariis pallidioribus, 
internis pallidiore brunneo marmoratis et albido terminatis : subtus albicans, ubique brunneo maculatus 
aut semifasciatus : rostro cinerascenti-brunneo, versus basin mandibulse pallidiore, ad apicem corneo : pedibus 
saturate brunneis. 
Full, ubique saturate cineraseenti-brunneus, pileo nigricante marmorato : dorso obscuro brunneo notato : rostro 
nigro : pedibus plumbeis : iride nigra. 
Adult. General plumage pure white j back and upper surface of wings slaty black j the secondaries and scapulars 
crossed by a broad terminal bar of white ; the primaries black, the first with a broad irregular bar across both 
webs, and beyond it a small terminal spot of white ; the rest are largely tipped with white, and on the inner 
web of some of them there is likewise a semilunate mark of greyish white. Irides silvery grey ; bill bright 
lemon-yellow, changing to red on the prominence of the lower mandible ; legs and feet greenish yellow, 
inclining to grey. Length 24‘5 inches ; extent of wings 57 ; wing, from flexure, 16‘5 ; tail 6'5 ; bill, along 
the ridge 2'25, along the edge of lower mandible 3 ; bare tibia 1*25 ; tarsus 2'5 ; middle toe and claw 2-5. 
Young. General plumage dark slaty grey, obscurely mottled and freckled with white, especially on the under- 
parts, and suffused on the shoulders and wdngs with brown ; the sides of the face uniform slaty grey, the 
