Order STEGANOPODES.] 
[Eam. PELECANID^. 
PHALACEOCOEAX VAEIUS. 
(PIED SHAG.) 
Pied Shag, Lath. Gen. Syn. iii. pt. 2, p. 605 (1785). 
Pelecanus varius, Gm. Syst. Nat. i. p. 576 (1788). 
Carbo hypoleucus, Brandt, Bull. Acad. Imp. Petersb. i. p. 55 (1837). 
Phalacrocorax leucogaster, Gould, P. Z. S. 1837, p. 156. 
Graucalus varius. Gray, in DiefF. Trav. ii., App. p. 201 (1843). 
Gracalus varius, Gray, Voy. Ereb. and Terror, Birds, p. 19 (1844). 
Pelecanus fica, Forst. Descr. Anim. p. 104 (1844). 
Phalacrocorax hypoleucus, Gould, B. of Austr. vii. pi. 68 (1848). 
Carbo fucosus, Peale, U. S. Expl. Exp., Birds, p. 268 (1848). 
Hypoleucus varius, Beich. Syst. Av. p. vii (1852). 
Carbo leucogaster, Cass. U. S. Expl. Exp. p. 373 (1858). 
Graculus varius. Gray, Ibis, 1862, p. 251. 
Graculus leucogaster. Gray, Hand-1, of B. iii. p. 128 (18^1). 
Native name. — Karuhiruhi. 
Ad. pileo colloque toto, dorso postico cum uropygio et supracaudalibus sordide indigotico-uigris ; interscapulio, 
scapularibus et tcctricibus alarum saturate cinerascentibus, plumis omnibus anguste viridi-nigro marginatis : 
remigibus bnmneis, cxtus cinerascentibus, secundariis interioribus cinerascentibus externe viridi-nigro 
marginatis : cauda nigr^ : loris nudis la;te aurantiacis : facie laterali totd et corpore subtus albis, pectoris 
lateribus et hypocbondriis imis tibiisque indigotico-nigris : subalaribus brunneis viridi lavatis ; rostro 
saturate corneo, versus apicem et ad basin mandibulte pallidiore : pedibus nigris : iride palbde thalassino- 
viridi : regione ophthalmicfi nud^ Isete indigotica : rnacum anteoculari aurantiac^ : gula flava, nuda. 
Juv. similis adulto, sed corpore subtus et collo laterali brunnescenti-nigro variis. 
Adult. Top of tbe head, back of the neck, lower part of back, rump, flanks, and thighs shining greenish black ; 
shoulders, mantle, scapulars, and upper wing-coverts deep bronzy grey, each feather bordered with velvety 
black ; quills and tail-feathers black, with polished shafts ; under surface of wings and axillary plumes black, 
slightly glossed with green; sides of face, throat, front and sides of neck, and all the under surface pure 
white Irides pale sea-green ; in the bare space in front of the eyes a bright yellow spot ; eyelids and naked 
skin below indi-o-blue ; gular membrane yellow; bill dark horn-colour or brownish yellow, paler at the tips 
and towards the base of lower mandible ; legs and feet black. Total length 33-5 inches ; wing, from flexure, 
12-25 ; tail 6 ; bill, along the ridge 3, along the edge of lower mandible 4 ; tarsus 2-5 ; longest toe and 
claw 4-25. 
Young. Differs from the adult in having the plumage duller, the feathers composing the mantle and the scapu- 
lars being narrowly margined with brown ; also in having the fore neck and underparts of the body irregularly 
spotted with blackish brown, this appearance being caused by the apical portion of some of the feathers 
being of that colour. In some instances the brown assumes the character of clouded markings over the 
entire under surface. 
Nestling^ Covered on the upper surface with thick sooty-brown down, and on the lower sides of the face, throat. 
