Oedee STEGANOPODES.] 
[Eam. PELECAI^ID^. 
PHALACEOCOEAX C AEUNCUL ATU S. 
(ROUGH-FACED SHAG.) 
Carunculated Shag, Lath. Gen. Syn. hi. pt. 2, p. 603 (1785). 
Pelecanus carunculaius, Gm. Syst. Nat. i. p. 576 (1788, ex Lath.). 
Carbo gmrpurascens, Brandt, Bull. Sci. Acad. Imp. Petersb. iii. p. 56 (1831). 
Leucocarho carunciilatus, Bonap. Consp. Av. ii. p. 176 (1857). 
Leucocarbo purimrascens, Bonap. Consp. Av. ii. p. 177 (1857). 
Ad. similis P. imperiali, sed conspicu^ major : fronte plus minusve carunculata : crista abseute : dorso postico fascia 
alba ornato : caruiicidis rubris : regione ophthalmica nuda cyanescenti-purpurea : pedibus flavescenti-bruuneis. 
Adult male. Similar to P. imperialis, but considerably larger and wanting tbe crest ; it is furthermore distinguish- 
able by the two large square spots of white which cross the back under the wings, by the larger extent of 
the white alar bar, and by a patch of white on the outer scapulars. The rows of papill* along the forehead 
are red, and the naked space around the eyes bluish purple j feet yellowish brown. Total length 33 inches ; 
wing, from flexure, 12‘5 ; tail 5'7o ; bill, following the curvature 3, along edge of lower mandible 3'7o ; 
tarsus 3 ; longest toe and claw 5. 
Female. The sexes are exactly alike in plumage, the fine metallic tints being as bright in the female as in the 
male. The former is, however, somewhat smaller in size : — Extreme length 37'5 inches ; wing, from flexure, 
11-75; tail 5-5 j bill, along the ridge 2-75, along the edge of lower mandible 3-5 ; tarsus 2-25; longest 
toe and claw 4-5. 
Young. General upper surface dull greenish black, with a slight gloss in certain lights, the feathers on the 
shoulders margined with a darker shade ; the whole of tbe wing-coverts and the outer scapulars greyish 
brown with whitish margins ; tail-feathers greyish black, witb whitish shafts and margins. 
Fledgling. The larger wing-coverts and the rectrices are the first to make their appearance, the former having 
the acuminate shape peculiar to young birds, with filamentous tips. In the downy state of P. varius, as 
already stated, the distribution of colours is the same as in the adult, the whole of the fore neck and under- 
parts being white ; and when this is succeeded by the covering of feathers some spotted brown markings, 
more or less distinct, present themselves but disappear altogether with the first moult. In this species, on 
the contrary, the downy condition is dark, and is immediately succeeded by the pure white plumage. A 
specimen in Mr. Silver’s collection has the head and the whole of the neck still clothed in sooty-brown down, 
sprinkled with a few white filaments ; the breast and all the under surface white, with vestiges of brown 
down still adhering to the feathers; the triangular rictal spot much darker but still visible; legs and feet 
reddish brown. 
Nestling. Covered with blackish brown down, very thick and even. No papill® on the forehead ; lores and 
bare space surrounding the eyes and encircling the bill black. Upper mandible dark brown ; lower mandible 
pure white, changing to brown at the tip ; irides and feet blackish brown, with whitish claws. Down the 
middle line of the abdomen there is a narrow bare space, flesh- white, paddle-shaped, and about two inches 
long. 
Obs. A specimen in the Otago Museum, from Shag river, has a very broad white patch on the wings, 
measuring 6 inches long by 3 in width. The colours of the soft parts as restored are : — Line of pajiillse 
fringing the forehead red ; bare facial membrane blue; gular sacred. This bird has a broad white patch 
X 2 
