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back advancing on the sides of the lower neck. From E. chrysocome it is also distinguished by the 
narrowness of the hill, and the different shape of the black mark on the under surface of the apex of 
the wing, in which E. filholi resembles E. chrysolopha. From the latter species it is also distinguished by 
its colour.^^ After examination of a large series of specimens I have come to the conelusion that the Jir 
here described is not separable from the so-called Eudyptes saltator. I may add that this view is concurre 
in by Messi-s. Salvin and Sharpe, both of whom have made the Penguins a special subject of study. 
Professor Hutton’s bird, which came from Campbell Island, was placed in the Otago Museum. In an 
example received there afterwards from Macquarie Island the upper parts are of a brighter blue, and the 
crest is pale golden yellow, scanty in character but fully three inches in length; the dark plumage does no 
advance upon the neck in the manner described above ; the bill is reddish brown in colour, and comparatively 
slender in form, measuring along the ridge 1-75 inch, and along the edge of lower mandible 2. 
There are two specimens in the Canterbury Museum. One of these (obtained in Akaroa harbour) 
has a small, narrow, pale yellow crest, which commences at the base of the upper mandible and curls over 
behind the ear-coverts ; the bill is very dark brown, paler towards the tip. The other (which was picked up 
on the Nine-mile Beach) presents only a narrow supraciliary line of yellow, with a very inconspicuous cres , 
and is presumably a younger bird. 
After a careful comparison of the fine series of specimens in the British Museum, as^ well as those 
in the Natural-History Museum at the Jardin cles Plantes, I have come to the conclusion that Prof. 
Hutton’s Eudyptes Jilholi (from Campbell Island) is the same as Mr. Sharpe’s E. saltator from 
Kerguelen Island, and that the latter again is identical with the true E. chrysocome of the Falkland 
Islands. The more common New-Zealand bird, which I described in my former edition under the 
name of Eudyptes chrysocomus, is undoubtedly distinct ; and to this species I have accordingly restored 
Mr. G. E. Gray’s very appropriate name of E. pachyrhynchus. 
In their account of the birds collected by the ‘Challenger’ Expedition, Messrs. Sclater and Salvin 
say ; “ Why Mr. Sharpe should liave referred Eudyptes chrysoloplms (Sclater and Abbott) of the 
Falklands to Eudyptes saltator we cannot understand, nor can we appreciate the characters by which 
he separates his Eudyptes saltator and Eudyptes chrysocome The type-specimen of Eudyptes 
diadematus, Gould, for which we have made every enquiry, is unfortunately no longer to be found. 
Mr. Gould has parted with it, he knows not whither. It was prohably only an individual variety of 
this species.” 
Sir Wyville Thomson, in the ‘Voyage of the Challenger’ (p. 167), gives the following inter- 
esting account of this Penguin as observed by him at Tristan d’Acunha We were close under 
Inaccessible Island, the second in size of the little group. The ship was surrounded by multitudes 
of Penguins, and as few of us had had any previous personal acquaintance with this eccentric form o 
life, we followed their movements with great interest. The Penguin, as a rule, swims under water, 
rising now and then and resting on the surface, like one of the ordinary water-birds, but more 
frequently with its body entirely covered, and only lifting its head from time to time to breathe 
One peculiarity surprised us greatly, for although we were tolerably familiar with the literature of 
the family, we had never seen it described. ‘ Kock-hoppers ’ (and I am inclined to think species of 
other genera besides Eudyptes), when in a number in the water, have a constant habit of closing 
together, the legs and tail straight out, laying the wings flat to the sides, arching forward the neck, 
and apparently by an action of the muscles of the back, springing forwards clear out of the water, 
showing a steel-grey back and a silvery belly like a grilse. They rise in this way in lines like a school 
of porpoises, seemingly in play, and when they are thus disporting themselves it is leally very difficu t 
to believe that one is not watching a shoal of fish pursued by enemies. 
“ In the water Penguins are usually silent, but now and then one raises its head and emits a 
curious prolonged croak, startlingly like one of the deeper tones of the human loice. One raiely 
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