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in December 1879. and this is my authority for including this Penguin among the birds of New 
Zealand. 
Its cry is said to resemble the short bark of the fox. 
Prof. Moseley states that in the stomachs of some he dissected at the Falkland Islands he found 
fish-bones, cuttlefish -beaks, and stones. 
The Rev. Mr. Eaton gives the following interesting account of its breeding-habits on Kerguelen 
Island ; — “ It builds in communities, some of only a dozen, others from i 0 to 150 families. A more 
populous colony upon the mainland was visited by six officers from the ships, who estimated the 
number of nests in it to amount to 2000 or more. These larger communities are approached from 
the sea by regular paths, conspicuous at a distance, like well-worn sheep-tracks, which lead straight 
up the hill from the water. Their formation is due to the Penguins being very particular about 
where they land and enter the sea. A small party of the birds occupied a position upon the neck of 
a low promontory within an hour’s walk of Obsei'vatory Bay. Their nests were nearest to the farther 
side of the isthmus ; but when they were approached the male birds used to run to the water, not by 
the shortest route wher'e it was deep close to the rocks, but by the longest to a place where the shore 
was shelving. It was amusing to see them start off in a troop as fast as their legs could carry them, 
holding out their wings and tumbling headlong over stones in their way, because as they ran they 
would keep looking back instead of before them, and to hear their oirtcries. Panic and consternation 
seemed to possess them all ; but the females (possibly because they could not keep up with their 
mates) seldom went far from their nests, and, if the intruder stood still, soon returned and settled 
down again upon their eggs. Not many weeks had passed before a change was effected in their 
conduct. The young were hatched, and now the mothers anxiously endeavoured to pei’suade them to 
follow the example of their fathers and run away to sea. But the nestlings preferred to stay in their 
nests; they did not mind if the stranger did stroke them; although their anxious mothers lan at him 
with open mouths whenever he dared to do so. Only a few of the older chicks could be prevailed 
upon to stir, and they after waddling a few yards became satisfied with their performance and turned 
to go home again. The mothers, who had straggled to a greater distance, began to return too. It 
was now that the more tardy youngsters began to experience the ills of life. Every Penguin that had 
reached its place before them aimed blows at them as they passed by towards their own abodes. One 
of the little birds certainly did seem to deserve correction. It saw its neighbour s nest empty and sat 
down in it. The old female Penguin, the rightful occupier, presently returned in company with hei 
own chick, to whom, having put her head well into his mouth, she began to administer refreshment 
after his run. Seeing them so pleasantly engaged, the small vagrant, thoughtlessly presuming on her 
generosity, went nearer and presented himself to be fed also, as if he had a right to her attention and 
care. She looked at him while he stood gaping before her with di’ooping wings, unable for the moment 
to credit what she saw. But suddenly the truth flashed upon her, and provoked by his consummate 
audacity she gave vent to her indignation, pecked his tongue as hard as she could, chased him out of 
the nest, darting blows at his back, and croaked ominously after him as he fled precipitately beyond 
the range of her beak, leaving trophies of down irpon the scene of his unfortunate adventure. 
The nests of this Penguin on Kerguelen Island were composed of dried leaf-stalks and seed-stems 
of PHnglea, together with such other suitable material as happened to be at hand, and they usually 
contained two eggs, one of them invariably larger than the other. 
Mr. Howard Saunders found a solitary egg of this species in the collection brought by the 
‘ Transit of V enus Expedition,’ and he describes it as being of a pale blue colour, thickly coated with 
calcareous matter, and measuring 2'5 inches by 2 inches. In the Otago Museum there are two eggs 
of this Penguin from Macquarie Island. One is almost spherical, the other slightly ovoid ; the former 
measures 2’4 inches in length by 2‘25 in breadth, and the more ovoid one 2’4 in length by 2T5 
in breadth ; they are perfectly white, except where they are soiled by external contact. 
VOL. n. 
