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APPENDIX. 
of the earth in which they occur. Too much stress has, I think, been laid on the 
circumstance of the mammoth in Siberia being covered with hair. We have living 
examples of animals in warm latitudes which are not less abundantly covered with 
hair and wool in proportion to their size than the elephant at the mouth of the 
Lena. Such is the hyasna villosa lately noticed at the cape by Dr. Smith, and 
described (vol. xv. plate 2, page 463, Linn. Trans.) as having the hair on the neck 
and body very long and shaggy, measuring in many places, but particularly about 
the sides and hack, at least six inches ; again, the thick shaggy covering on the 
anterior part on the body of the male lion, and the hairy coat of the camel (botli of 
them inhabitants of the warmest climates), present analogies which show that no 
conclusive argument in proof that the Siberian elephant was the inhabitant of a cold 
climate can be drawn from the fact of the skin of the frozen carcass at the mouth 
of the Lena having been covered with coarse hair and wool ; but even if it were 
proved that the climate of the arctic regions was the same both before and after the 
extirpation of these animals, still must we refer to some great catastrophe to 
account for the fact of their universal extirpation, and from those who deny the 
occurrence of such catastrophe, it may fairly be demanded why these extinct animals 
have not continued to live on to the present hour. It is vain to contend that 
they have been subdued and extirpated by man, since whatever may be conceded 
as possible with respect to Europe, it is in the highest degree improbable that he 
could have exercised such influence over the whole vast wilderness of Northern 
Asia, and almost impossible that he could have done so in the boundless forests of 
North America. The analogy of the non-extirpation of the elephant and rhinoceros 
on the continent and islands of India, where man has long been at least as far advanced 
in civilization, and much more populous than he can ever have been in the frozen 
wilds of Siberia, shows that he does not extirpate the living species of these genera 
in places where they are his fellow-tenants of the present siuface of the earth. 
The same non-extirpation of the elephant and rhinoceros occurs also in the less 
civilized I’egions of Afi'ica ; still further, it may be contended, that if man had 
invaded the territories of the mammoth and its associates until he became the 
instrument of their extirpation, we should have found, ere now, some of the usual 
indications which man, even in his wildest state, must leave behind him ; some few 
traces of savage utensils, arrows, knives, and other instruments of stone and bone, 
and the rudest pottery; or, at all events, some bones of man himself would, ere 
this, have been discovered amongst the numbei’less remains of the lost species which 
he had extirpated. It follows, therefore, from the absence of human bones and of 
works of art in the same deposits with the remains of mammoths, that man did not 
exist in these northern regions of the earth at or before the time in which the 
