630 
APPENDIX. 
temperature of the air, and of fifteen in the surface of the sea. The remarks of Captain 
Hey wood in Captain Horsburg’s “Directory,” a valuable book, and well known in the navy, 
will be found very useful in anticipating these squalls. 
To these pamperos succeeded a calm, then light and moderate breezes from N. W., 
E. N. E., N., E. N. E., S.W., S. E., with cloudy weather, until in latitude 48“ S. and longi- 
tude 54“ W., when we fell in with a W. N. W. wind, which the next day carried us into 
soundings off the Falkland Islands. As we neared the land, the wind died away. The 
barometer was low, standing at 28‘6, and the weather was misty, with drizzling rain at 
times. About one o’clock p, m. on the 9th September, the mist began to disperse, and a 
bright yellow sky was seen umler an arch to the S.W., the wind at the same time inclined 
that way; and in less than an hour we were under close-reefed topsails and storm stay- 
sails. This gale lasted about eighteen hours, and then veered toW. by N. and W., with 
which we advanced to the parallel of Cape St. John. Here we encountered strong S. W. 
winds with long heavy seas, and stretched to the southward to 58“ 02' S., regretting that we 
had not passed inside the Falkland Islands, as in that case we should have been nearly a day’s 
run further to the westward before we encountered these adverse winds. After two days 
the wind veered to S. S.W. and blew hard, but the sea was not high. We now stood to the 
N. W., and on the 17th in latitude 56° 21' S. and longitude 61" 51' W., had a few hours’ 
calm. This was succeeded by a breeze from the southward, which continued moderate with 
fine weather and a smooth sea ; and the next day, having carried us one hundred and twenty- 
three miles, we made Cape Horn, fourteen miles distant on the lee-beam, bearing N. 2“ W., 
true ; the wind still from the southward. 
Between Cape Horn and Diego Ramirez we had soundings with forty-five fathoms 
rock, and sixty fathoms sand; and afterwards from eighty-fonr to sixty fathoms gravel, 
coarse and fine sand, and some coral. That night we passed to the northward of Diego 
Ramirez at nine miles distant, not having less than sixty-six fathoms on a bottom of 
coarse sand. The following morning the island of Ildefonso bore N. 5“ W., true, nine 
miles, and we had seventy-three fathoms fine sand ; and at noon Yorkminster, at the en- 
trance of Christmas Sound, bore N. 37“ E., true, nineteen miles, eighty-two fathoms corai 
and stones. Not liking to range the shore of Tierradel Fuego so close during the night with a 
southerly wind, we tacked ; and with the wind still at S. S. W. stood for thirty-six hours to the 
S. E. into the meridian of Diego Ramirez; and when thirty-six miles S. of it, we again kept 
VV. by S., with the wind at S. by W. We stood on, and had light winds, fine weather, and 
a smooth sea until the 24th, when there was a calm for twelve hours, with a little swell from 
N.E. On the 25th early, we got a north-easterly wind, which commenced with fine weather 
and smooth water; and at noon, on the 26th, carried us to the 79th meridian and 53d parallel 
of latitude, when we considered ourselves round the Horn. In this situation we were one 
hundred and forty-three miles due west of Cape Pillar ; having numbered exactly fourteen 
days from the time at which we were a hundred miles due east of Staten Land. We passed 
Cape Horn on one Sunday, and on the following crossed the meridian of Cape Pillar. Our 
greatest south latitude in the whole passage was 58" 02’ S. T he gales of wind which we 
experienced were attended with a long swell, that by no means strained the ship, and we 
did not see a particle ol floating ice. 
