644 
APPENDIX. 
distinguishing mark ; and when near enough the rock of Quebra Ollas will be seen lying 
oflF the N. W. end of the peninsula. About one third of the way between Quebra Ollas 
and Saint Vincent’s Bay, there is a large rock called the Sugar Loaf. All this coast is bold, 
and may be sailed along at a mile and half distance. Quebra Ollas rock lies the farthest 
olF shore, and is distant exactly one mile and a quarter from the cliff; it may be rounded 
at a quarter of a mile distance, if necessary, but nothing can go within it. 
Having passed Quebra Ollas, steer to the eastward, in order to round Pajaros Ninos as 
closely as possible, and immediately haul to the wind (supposing it from the southward), for a 
long beat up to the anchorage. There are two passages into Conception, but the eastern is 
the only one in use. On the eastern shore of this channel there is no hidden danger, until 
near Punta Para and Lirquen, when care must be taken of the Para Reef, the Penco Shoal, 
and the flat of Roguan. When near the two latter the southern head of Saint Vincent’s 
Bay comes open with Talcahuana Head, it will be time to go round ; and it is not advisable 
at any time to open the northern cape of Saint Vincent’s Bay, distinguished by a tuft of trees 
upon it, with Talcahuana Head. These two land-marks a little open, and the pointed rock 
at the south extremity of Quiriquina a little open with Point Garzos, the N. E. extremity of 
the peninsula, will put you on a two and a half fathom shoal. There is a safe channel all round 
this shoal : but ships can have no necessity for going to the southward or eastward of it. 
On the Quiriquina side of the channel avoid the Aloe shoal (situated one-sixth of a 
mile off the first bluff to the northward of the low sandy point), by keeping the north-west 
bluff of Espinosa ridge open a sail’s-breadth (5°) with Talcahuana Head *, and do not stand 
into the bay between the Aloe shoal and the sandy point. The low sandy point, Punta 
Arena, may be approached within three hundred yards, after which it is advisable not to shut 
in Espinosa Bluff with Talcahuana Head, both mentioned before ; for although there is a 
wide channel between the Belen Bank and Fronton Reef (off the south end of Quiriquina), 
yet, as there are no good cross marks for the shoal, a stranger had better not run the risk, 
particularly as there will be found ample space to work between this line and the Para Reef. 
When the hut on Look-out Hill is over the N. W. extremity of Talcahuana village and the 
Fort S. Joa bears W. by S. ^ S. the Belen is pastf, and the anchorage may be safely ap- 
proached by a proper attention to the lead. Be careful to avoid drifting down upon the 
Belen, either in bringing up in squally M'eather, or in casting; and remember that on 
approaching it the soundings are no guide, as it has eight fathoms close to it. There is no 
passage inside the shoal for ships, except in case of urgent necessity. There is no good land- 
mark for the channel. 
Men of war anchor in six or eight fathoms; Fort St. Augustine S. 45° W., true; Fort 
Galvez, N. 57° W., true ; Talcahuana Head, S. 7° 30'. W., true. Merchant vessels usually go 
quite close in shore, between the Shag Rock, a flat rock near the anchorage, and Fort Galvez, 
and anchor in three or four fathoms ; in doing this, until the Shag Rock is passed, keep 
a red mark, which will be seen upon a hill south of Espinosa Ridge, open with Talcahuana 
Head. A good berth will be found in three fathoms’ mud, close off the town ; the eastern 
* These are two remarkable blulFs situated to the left of Talcahuana, Espinosa being the furthest inland. 
t This mark, it must be remembered, carries you well clear of the Belen, and in bringing them on, take 
care not to shoot too far over toward Talcahuana Head, or to shoal the water on that side to less than five fathoms. 
