nautical remarks. 
657 
TYPA. 
MACAO. 
The depth of water in the Typa has diminished within these last thirty years, as there are 
now not more than nine and a half or ten feet water, at the lowest spring-tides, and no 
vessel drawing more than fourteen or, at the most, fifteen feet can enter at the top of the tide. 
There are no marks required for this cliannel ; but with the last of the flood (say three- 
quarters), enter between Kaloo and Kai-koiig, keeping about mid-channel, and when the 
■western point of the western Kai-kong opens with the ragged point at the S. W. extremity 
of the eastern Kai-kong, keep a little to the northward, and pass the ragged point at the 
distance of a quarter of a mile ; then steer mid-channel between the islands, rememberino- not 
to attempt the channel between the western Kai-kong and the island of Makarina. The 
M-ater will now deepen, and when the town of Macao opens with the west Kai-kong, and when 
the ragged point bears east, anchor in about eighteen or twenty feet water; in which berth 
you Mull have good riding ground over a muddy bottom. 
The time of high water is . 9 Ji. 30 m. 
The tide at full and change rises 7 ft. 1 in.; rate about 2 k. 4f.; 
at the neap . .21 . . I 6. 
The flood sets to the northward from the anchorage, and branches off on meeting the 
tide setting westward to the north of Kai-kong. 
NAPAKI ANG. 
XOO CHOO. 
Ships bound to Napakiang may pass close round the south extremity of the island, and 
sail along the western coast at the distance of a mile or a mile and a half. They will then 
see a sandy island in latitude 26° 05' 50" N., and longitude 7' 40" WL of Abbey Point, which 
is the only danger to the westward of Loo Choo that I am acquainted with, until near the 
Kirrama Islands, or to the northward of the entrance of Napakiang. 
Abbey Point at the south extremity of the port of Napakiang may be known by its 
ragged outline, and by a small wooded eminence called Wood Point, situated about a mile and 
a half to the southward of it. The mainland here falls back, and forn)S a bay, which is sheltered 
by coral reefs stretching to the northward from Abbey Point ; they are, however, disconnected, 
and between them and the point there is a channel sufficiently deep for the largest ship 
Nearly in the centre of this channel, outside withal, there is a coral bank named Blossom 
Rock, having a good passage on either side of it. The channel between it and Abbey Point 
should be adopted with southerly winds and flood tides, and that to the northward with the 
reverse. A reef extends oft’ Abbey Point, which, for convenience of description, will be called 
Abbey Reef. When oft’ Abbey Point a rocky headland will be seen, about a mile and a half 
north of the town ; this I shall call Kumi Head, and upon the ridge of high land beyond it 
three hummocks will be seen to the left of a cluster of trees. In the distance, a little to the 
left of these, is Mount Onnodake, in latitude 26 27 N. A remarkable rock, which, from its 
form, has been named Capstan Rock, will next appear ; and then, to the northward of the 
town, a rocky head with a house upon its summit, which I shall call False Capstan Head ; 
4 P 
