ALBATROSS EXPLORATIONS; ALASKA, WASHINGTON, AND OREGON. 21 
The seining within the harbor was everywhere saccessful, but the few hauls made 
at or near its mouth were unproductive, due probably to the fact that in these places 
the water deepens rapidly from the shore, and the sea becomes rough whenever the 
wind blows up the harbor. The natives take cod in these exposed situations, but no 
trials for bottom-fish were made by the Albatross outside of the harbor, A diligent 
search was made for clams, but only about half a bucketful was obtained. These were 
placed in a tub and covered with mnd, in which they lived for nearly three weeks. 
Squid are said to be abundant at times in different parts of the harbor, lying concealed 
beneath the sea weed, but, although constantly searched for, only a single individual 
was observed during the stay in port. Failing to obtain a sufficient quantity of clams 
for use as bait, about two-thirds of a barrel of salmon slivers were salted for that 
purpose, and subsequehtly they proved to answer effectively in fishing for cod. Con- 
sidering the present abundance of salmon in this region, their use as bait is not 
now regarded as an extravagance. Several hauls of the seine were made at the head 
of Captain’s Harbor, where salmon were found to be as abundant as in Iliuliuk Harbor. 
Oncorhynclius gorhusclia was the principal species of salmon taken by the Albatross 
party, a few specimens only of 0. nerha being secured. The red spotted trout (Salvelinus 
malma) was seined both in the bay and in the fresh water lake, and was everywhere 
abundant. Other common species were the Pleuronectes stellatus (starry flounder), 
Lepidopsetta bilineata, Hemilepidotus jordani, and Clvpea mirabilis (herring). Among 
the smaller fishes were several specimens of Murwnoides ornatus, varying in color 
from light yellow to dark red. Sticklebacks ( Oasterosteus) abounded in the fresh-water 
lake. 
Large collections of marine invertebrates were obtained from the shores in this 
region. 
Fishing Notes: Fishing gear. — The wooden halibut-hooks described by Petrofif, 
Turner, and others are still used by the natives of Unalashka. The regular cod-hook 
is, however, employed in the cod fishery. The fishing lines are of various sizes, and 
are made of any suitable material which comes to hand — cod-line, sail-twine, and even 
pieces of old string tied together. Pieces of lead, old spikes, bolts, and stones serve 
as sinkers. Drag seines are used for capturing salmon. They are from 20 to 50 feet 
long, and about 5 feet deep, with the mesh ranging in size from 6 to 9 inches. These 
seines are rudely constructed, having inflated bladders or blocks of wood as floats, 
and pieces of lead or stones as sinkers. They are generally handled by the boys and 
superannuated men of the village, who do not accompany the seal hunters on their 
summer voyages. 
Cod bait. — Sculpins, flounders, salmon, and clams are used for cod bait, whichever 
of these species is most easily obtained at the time being employed. It is also stated 
that smoked bacon is sometimes put to the same use and serves equally as well. 
Boats. — Dories are mostly used about the harbor for ordinary fishing imrposes, 
but when long distances are to be traversed the favorite bidarka is generally employed. 
In connection with the bidarka the double paddle is invariably used on fishing trips; 
but it is stated that in sea-otter hunting the single paddle is preferred by the skillful 
hunters. 
Use of cod and halibut by the natives. — Cod and halibut are not sought for by the 
Indians and creoles of Iliuliuk for commercial purposes, and they are only taken to 
supply home wants. Large quantities are never kept on hand, but a short fishing trip 
