104 
BULLETIN OP THE UNITED STATES FISH COMMISSION. 
not one-third the width of the interspaces, which are of the color of the body ; back 
with some dark spots. 
20. Micropterus dolomieu (Lac6pi^de). S.,W. Seen also at Harper’s Ferry. 
Common. The black bass is not a native of this river, but was introduced from 
the Ohio into the Potomac some thirty ^ years ago. 
It is evident that the species finds congenial surroundings in the Shenandoah. 
21. Lepomis auritus (L.). S., H., W. 
Common, especially in deep eddies and below logs. Scales on the cheek small, in 
7 or 8 rows ; scales on breast small. These correspond to the typical variety auritus 
in McKay’s arrangement. (See Jordan and Gilbert, Synopsis, p. 477.) 
22. Lepomis gibbosus (L.). W. 
One large specimen taken at Waynesborough. 
23. Etheostoma flabellare (Eafinesque). S., H., W. 
Very abundant. These specimens are similar in color to others from Indiana and 
from Cayuga Lake, New York. The only difference noticeable is that the pectoral fins 
of the male are faintly barred in Virginia specimens, not in the others. The body in the 
. Virginia specimens is on the average a trifle deeper, and the tubes of the lateral line 
are developed slightly farther on the average than in western specimens, but these 
differences do not justify separate names. 
24. Etheostoma nigrum (Rafinesque). Var. Girard. S., H. 
Very common, especially in shallow water among weeds; not found in the colder 
waters at Waynesborough. 
These specimens seem to correspond to the Arlina effulgens of Girard, described 
from a tributary of the Potomac. The coloration is that usual in this species and the 
dark bar below eye is very well marked. The males have the dorsals extremely high, 
the membranes largely black, the rays spotted with white ; seven dark cross-blotches 
on back ; eight faint dark marks on side ; a small spot at base of candal. D. IX-13, 
A. 1, 9. Scales 43, 43, 44, 47, 49, in five specimens. Length of largest, 3| inches. 
Opercles scaly; cheeks, nape, and breast naked ; usually one or two scales on cheek 
behind eye. 
An extended comparison of specimens of “i?oieosomu” from various parts of the 
country has convinced me that olmstedi, effulgens^ atromaculatum, vexillare, and 
maculaticeps must all be regarded as forms, or at the most, subspecies nudiev Etheostoma 
nigrum. Individual variations are numerous and perplexing and in large series; 
intergradations of all sorts appear. 
’ Common report at Luray places the introduction of the black bass at about 1876. This date, 
however, is certainly incorrect, for Professor Cope says in 1869 (Journ. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1869, p. 
217): “It appears from statements made to me by J. Delaplaine, of Wheeling, and Prof. J. B. Davis, 
of Roanoke College, Virginia, that the Micropterus [doZomieit] was introduced from sixteen to twenty 
years ago into the headwaters of the Potomac from the Ohio, and that they have greatly increased 
since that time. They ai’e now said to be very abundant in the Shenandoah. By subsequent refer- 
ence to the Smithsonian Report for 1854 (p. 290), I find that this fact has been recorded there by Mr. 
John Eoff, of Wheeling, who states that this transfer, which has been so successful in its results, was 
made by Mr. William Schriver, of the same place.” 
