EXPLORATIONS OF THE ALLEGHANY REGION AND WESTERN INDIANA. Ill 
17. Semotilus bullaria (Rafinesque). E.,L.,S. Fall-fish. 
Common in clear streams, in deep pools below swift water. Extremely abundant 
in Elk Creek, where it reaches a length of 15 inches or more. 
18. Semotilus atromaculatus (Mitchill). B. 
Scarce; in small streams only. Scales 60 to 62. 
19. Rhinichthys cataractae (Cuv. & Val.). B. 
Not rare, in swift waters. Scales 68. 
20. Rhinichthys atronasus (Mitchill). E.,C.,B. 
Common, especially in cold, swift waters. Very abundant and brilliant in Elk 
Creek. Males in life sulphur yellow below the dark lateral band, this color fading to 
silvery on belly. Lower fins, especially pectorals, scarlet ; a scarlet dash at base of 
caudal. Black lateral band very distinct in all cases, not giving place to a red band 
as is usually the case in males northward. 
21. Squalius vandoisulus (Cuv. & Val.). C., E., B., L. 
Abundant, especially in swift brooks. The chief species found in Cedar Creek. 
The larger specimens are more elongate than the others (depth 4-4 in length). These 
have also a more or less distinct black lateral streak with a paler streak above it, both 
belly and pale streak being crimson in life. The smaller specimens have the lateral 
streak very obscure and confined to the caudal peduncle. These are deeper in body 
(depth about 3f ). The number of scales ranges from 49 to 54 in both forms, and in 
both, the eye is longer than snout, 3 to 34 in head. All specimens except the very 
young have the lower parts, especially forward, flushed with crimson. This color is 
much deeper in the larger and more elongate specimens, which are also frequently 
beset with small tubercles. These are evidently the males, and the others the female 
and young of the same species. 
It is probable that the nominal species funduloides, affinis {^vandoisulus} are all 
based on sexual or other variations of one species. Squalius estor, from the Cumber- 
land Eiver, is according to Dr. Gilbert not distinct from S. vandoisulus. 
22. Clupea sapidissima (Wilson). S. “Shad.” 
Young shad were taken in Swift Creek. 
23. Dorosoma cepedianum (Le Sueur). S. 
Common in Swift Creek and lowland streams, not ascending to the uplands. 
24. Salvelinus fontinalis (Mitchill). E. 
Brook trout are found in all suitable tributaries of the James in the Blue Ridge 
and Alleghany Mountains. Some half dozen specimens were taken with the seine in 
Elk Creek about a mile above its mouth. 
25. Lucius reticulatus (Lc Sueur).* S. 
Specimens were taken in Swift Creek, but the species does not ascend to the 
mountains. 
’Tu the earliest subdivisiou of the Linuaeau genus Esox, that made by Rafinesque in 1810, 
Esox heJone was selected as the type of Esox, while to the genus of pikes the name Lucius was given. 
This arrangement must apparently stand. The pikes and pickerels will then constitute the genus 
Lucius Rafinesque and the family LuciidcB. 
