EXPLORATIONS OF THE ALLEGHANY REGION AND WESTERN INDIANA. 135 
J.— THE SANTEE RIVER. 
The Santee Eiver is formed by the confluence of a number of large rivers all of 
which rise on the eastern slope of the Blue Eidge. The headwaters of nearly all these 
streams are clear and cold, many of them abounding in trout. As these rivers flow 
southeastward through the red and yellow clays of the “Piedmont” region, the 
waters become yellow with sediment and the river ultimately formed is scarcely less 
muddy than the Great Pedee or the Cape Fear. The mouth of the Santee is near 
that of the Great Pedee, just north of Cape Eomain. The name Santee is given to 
the lower course only of the river, below the junction of the two great branches, the 
Wateree and the Oongaree. The Wateree, called in North Carolina the Catawba, 
rises in western North Carolina near Swannanoa Gap. It is the largest and the 
clearest of the tributaries of the Santee. The Congaree is in turn formed by the 
junction of the Saluda and the Broad. The Saluda, rising in Saluda Gap, South 
Carolina, is a comparatively clear stream, and its fauna has been investigated by 
Jordan & Brayton (Bull. TJ, S. Nat. Mus., xii 1878). The Broad Eiver, rising in 
North Carolina, is comjiaratively muddy, as are most of its tributaries, in three of 
which — the Pacollet, Tiger, and Ennoree — collections have been made. Although the 
basin of the Santee covers a wide extent of country, with considerable variation in its 
physical characters, its fish fauna is quite uniform. For the most part the same 
species were found by us at Marion, Morganton, and Spartanburgh that had pre- 
viously been found by Cope at Mariou, and by Jordan and Brayton at Greenville. In 
the past summer collections were made at each of the following localities: 
1. Catawba River near Marion, N. C. August 22 ; temperature 73°. Collec- 
tions made at the upper ford, 3 miles northwest of Marion, about a mile below the 
mouth of Buck’s Creek. The character of the river is similar to that of the upper 
Eoanoke; gravelly bottom on shallows, alternating with deep stretches in which the 
bottom is muddy. The water is warm and somewhat muddy, of a light yellowish 
color. This is a good region for making collections. Species from this locality are 
marked C. 
2. Rude’s Creek at Pleasant 'Garden. August 22; temperature 69°. About 4 
miles northwest of Marion, near the post-ofiice of Pleasant Garden, Buck’s Creek 
rises in mountain springs and flows into the Catawba. It is a very clear, strong, swift 
mountain stream, flowing over gravel and bowlders, the rocks in its bed being cov- 
ered by river weed (Podostemon). It is extremely well stocked with small fishes, the 
darters especiallj^ being very abundant. Species found in this stream are marked B. 
3. John’s River near Morganton. August 23; temperature 74°. John’s Eiver 
flows into the Catawba at a point about 4 miles northeast of Morganton. It is a large, 
clear stream, having its source in the mountains. Its waters are warmer and less 
clear than those of Buck’s Creek, aud its bottom is gravelly rather than rocky. In 
its upper course it is, however, probably similar to Buck’s Creek. Both these streams 
and the Linville Eiver, which comes into the Catawba midway between them, are 
suitable for trout. The California rainbow trout, Salmo irideus, has been placed in 
the John’s and the Linville, but I have not heard of auy results from this plant. Species 
found in John’s Eiver are marked J. 
4. Catawba River at Morganton. August 23; temperature 74°. The river at the 
bridge at the northeast of Morganton is broad and shallow, with rocky bottom ; the 
