EXPLORATIONS OF THE ALLEGHANY REGION AND WESTERN INDIANA. 
147 
29. Lepomis megalotis (Rafinesque). N. 
Scarce. 
30. Ambloplites rupestris (Rafinesque). S., M., G., B., W. 
Generally common. 
31. Etheostoma caprodes (Rafinesque). N., W. 
Four large specimens taken in the Watauga River. These are exactly like north- 
ern examples. Two specimens, the largest inches long, taken at Saltville, These, 
as already noticed by Professor Cope, constitute a “marked variety.” The difference 
is one of color only, these having instead of the usual cross-bands a row of 8 blackish 
rounded blotches, alternating with smaller ones, much as in Etheostoma aspro. Pec- 
torals plain. 
32. Etheostoma macrocephalum (Cope). G., N. 
Rather rare ; three specimens from Saltville, one from Glade Spring. Head longer 
and more slender than in E. aspro; maxillary reaching front of pupil, 3^ in head ; 
nape scaly ; cheek naked, or with a few rudimentary scales behind eye ; opercle with 
more or less of very small cycloid scales above, never quite naked ; eye longer than 
snout ; gill membranes separate ; scales on middle line of belly enlarged ; scales on 
body 73, 76, 77, 82, in the four specimens. D. XVI-13. A, II, 10. Head 4 in length. 
Nine black spots on side, confluent, squarish in form, sharply deflned and edged above 
by a continuous undulating ])ale streak from eye to base of caudal; fins all, including 
ventrals, barred ; a small, very distinct spot at base of caudal ; a median dark shade 
across spinous dorsal. 
33. Etheostoma squamatum (Gilbert & Swain). W. 
A large species found in the river channels ; two taken in the Watauga. In 
life, dull olive, with eleven obscure dusky spots on side confluent into a narrow dark 
lateral shade ; a black humeral spot and a faint caudal spot ; first dorsal orange- 
shaded anteriorly with a black streak across it. Second dorsal and caudal yellowish 
orange, barred with dusky ; other fins pale yellow. Cheeks, nape, and breast scaly, 
most of the scales cycloid and not imbricate. Gill membranes united across isthmus, 
but meeting at an angle. Anal larger than second dorsal ; scales 76 ; those on median 
line of belly slightly enlarged ; lower jaw as long as upper. 
This strongly- marked species is a near relative of E. phoxocephalum Nelson. 
Comparing large specimens of the latter from New Harmony, Ind., with E. squa- 
matum, I notice that the color is nearly the same, the lateral band plainer and narrower 
in squamatum. In phoxocephalum the spots are more numerous, about fifteen in num- 
ber, and transverse rather than rounded. The fins are similar in form and color in 
both, as are also the gill membranes. Head in squamatum a little sharper and more 
depressed, the body slenderer and more compressed. Scales smaller in squamatum, 
10 to 12 above lateral line, 7 or 8 in E. phoxocephalum. 
34. Etheostoma aurantiacum (Cope). N., W. 
Another large species inhabiting river channels. Two young ones taken at Salt- 
ville; three large ones in the Watauga. 
Color in life olive, tinged with orange; a black lateral band of confluent black 
blotches; chin and throat deep orange; deep orange on front of spinous dorsal, shad- 
