SUGGESTIONS FOR IMPROVING FISHING VESSELS. 
185 
Iron plates, from to -fg inches, are riveted to the beams in the wake of all coamings, 
dandy winch, windlass, capstau, fore winch drum, etc. All of tlie chocks under deck, 
between the beams, for properly securing the same, are made the depth of the beam 
in thickness. 
There are three water-tight bulkheads, carried up to the deck, of -j^g-inch plate, 
iron, stiffened with 2^ by 2^ by inches angle-iron, provided with valves to be worked 
from the deck. 
The outside plating is as follows: The garboard strakes, two bilge strakes at each 
side, sheer strake, and boss-plates are of an inch thick, the remainder of the shell 
plating being -j% of an inch thick. The bulwark plates are except the two fore- 
plates and the plates in the wake of the rigging, which are n, of an inch thick. The 
bulwarks are provided with two water-ports on each side. The rudder head is 3^ inches 
diameter and 2J inches at the heel ; it has a welded wrought iron frame, and is plated 
with -j^g-inch plates. 
The boiler is made of steel. There are two side bunkers and one athwartship for 
coal (as shown in the plans. Plates 21, 22, and 23), the whole having sufficient capacity 
to hold fuel enough for fourteen days’ consumption. 
The knight-heads are oak, 5^ inches thick, and extend 5 feet on each side of the 
stem; they are pierced with hawse pipes and bowsprit hole. The forward warping 
chocks are also of oak. 
The deck is pitch pine, the planks being 6 by 3J inches. The space below deck, 
under the capstan, is filled in solid with American elm chocks, and oak ])lanking 14 
inches wide is laid next to the gunwale bar, fore and aft, and also for capstan, 
windlass bitts, alongside of the hatchways, etc. 
Two-inch pitch pine is used for ceiling in the hold, carried from keelson to deck, 
and caulked so that it is perfectly tight above the ballast. The coal bunkers are 
sheathed with 2-inch American elm. The hatch coamings are iron, with round corners 
of plate iron 12 by inches, with half-round iron bar 2^ by 1^ inches, round top 
edges, and they are inches in height above deck. The bulwark stanchions are iron 
1| inches in diameter. The beam stanchions in the hold are 24 inches round iron. 
The rail-bar is 4 by 3 by inches angle-iron ; and the beading iron is half-round bar 
24 by I inches, this being fastened with f-inch rivets 12 inches apart. 
The main rail is made of American elm, 74 by 3J inches, with a greenheart capping 
on top, GJ by 24 inches, extending about 40 feet on each side, and well rounded on top. 
There is also an iron bar fastened to the outer edge of the capping with a 6 by 2^ inch 
sheave at each side of the forward end of the towing chock. 
The windlass is the ordinary handspike form, and is provided with a lever-ratchet 
purchase on the spindle outside of the bitts. The forward winch, similar to those on 
sailing trawlers, is carried, and, by a peculiar arrangement, the winch and windlass 
can be combined on one set of bitts, if necessary. There is a steam drum for winding 
in wire warp. This is provided with reversing gear and separate action of main barrel 
and winch ends at end of drum, with brake power, separate pawls to main barrel, 
and ends fitted with hand gear to treble purchase. There is also a capstan similar to 
those on a sailing trawler, which acts as a fair-leader to the drum. The dandy winch, 
placed at the mizzen rigging on the iiort side, is the same as the improved forms used 
on other trawlers. The trawl-warp gangway is provided with both horizontal and 
vertical iron rollers. There are two bollards aft for towing, and one revolving bollard 
