EEVIEW OF THE SEKEANID.E. 
331 
have three. Most of the species of Latince found in Europe and North America are 
closely related, and might well be referred to a single genus — Morone. Lates and Kuhlia 
are, however, quite unlike Morone, and perhaps should be placed in dilferent groups. 
The sixth sub-family, Pereiclithyince, is still closer to the Percidee, agreeing with the 
perch in the general form of the head and body, in the increased number (36) of the 
vertebrm, and in the armature of the head. The species have, however, three anal spines, 
there is a large supplemental maxillary, the scales are scarcely ctenoid, and the spinous 
dorsal is short. If a division is to be made between Percidce and Serrmiidre, certainly 
Percichthys should be placed in the latter family. 
Of the 119 species here admitted, the following (32 in number) have not been stud- 
ied by us: 
Eypticus uigromaciilatus. 
Eypticus areiiatus. 
Eypticus bicolor. 
Polyprioii oxygeneios. 
Hemilntjauus payteusis. 
Alpliestes pictus. 
Epiuepbeliis aspersus. 
Epinepbelus caninus. 
Epiaephelus goreensis. 
Epinepbelus aeneus. 
Epinepbelus alexaudriauus. 
Epinepbelus cbrysotienia. 
Dermatolepis angnstifrons. 
Bodiaaus pau.anieusis. 
Bodlauus t;eniops. 
Hypoplectrus gemma. 
Hypoplectrus crocotus. 
Dipleotrum couceptione. 
Serranus annularis. 
Serraniis flavescens. 
Serrauus peruanus. 
Serranus castelnaui. 
Odontantbias asperilinguis. 
Odoutantbias tonsor. 
Batbyautbias roseus. 
Dioentrarcbus orieutalis. 
Dicentrarcbus pnnctatus. 
Lates uilotica. 
Percicbtbys bevis. 
Percicbtbys melauops. 
Percilia gillissi. 
Percilia gracilis. 
ANALYSIS OF SUBFAMILIES OF SEREANIDAI. 
Common Chaeactees. — Body oblong, more or less compressed, covered with 
adherent scales of moderate or small size, which are usually but not always ctenoid. 
Mouth moderate or large, not very oblique, the premaxillary protractile and the broad 
maxillary not slipping for its whole length into the sheath formed by the preorbital, 
which is usually narrow. Teeth all conical or pointed, in bands, present on jaws, 
vomer and palatines.* Gill-rakers long or short, usually stiff, armed with teeth. Gills 
4, a long slit behind the fourth. Pseudo-branchim present, usually large. Lower 
pharyngeals rather narrow, separate, with pointed teeth. Gill-membranes separate, 
free from the isthmus. Branchiostegals normally 7 (occasionally 6). Cheeks and 
opercles always scaly ; |)reopercle with its margin more or less serrate, the opercles 
usually ending in one or two flat spine-like points. Nostrils double. Lateral line 
single, not extending on the caudal tin. Skull without cranial spines and usually 
without well-developed cavernous structure. No suborbital stay. Dorsal spines usu 
ally stiff, 2 to 15 in number; soft dorsal with 10 to 20 rays. Anal flu rather short, its 
soft rays 7 to 12, its spines three (obsolete in one subfamily). Veutrals thoracic, I, 5, 
normally developed. Pectorals well developed. Caudal peduncle stout, the flu vari- 
ously formed. Vertebrm usually about 10 -|- 15 (more in some of the Latince and Per- 
cichthyince ; 16+ 19 in Lateolahrax ; 16 + 20 in Percichthys). Air bladder present, 
usually small, and adherent to the walls of the abdomen. Stomach cmcal, with few or 
many pyloric appendages ; intestines short, as usual in carnivorous Ashes. 
Except in Percilia, wbicb bas blunt teetb, and noneon tbe palatines. 
