BULLETIN OF THE UNITED STATES FISH COMMISSION. 
gg. Vertical fins broadly edged with blue-black, their bases unspotted; body without pale 
spots, the orange spots rather small ; lower jaw little pro- 
jecting ; preopercle with salient angle ; body rather slen- 
der; size small Catus, 23. 
ff. Body, head, and fins dark reddish brown, profusely covered with small pearly-white stel- 
late spots; preopercle without salient angle ; fins uot 
edged with black; body robust; lower jaw projecting; 
caudal subtruncate, with sharp angles. 
Drummond-Hayi, 24. 
fff. Body not covered with round red, orange or stellate white spots ; spots, if any, bluish, 
whitish, or brownish, irregular or diffuse. 
i. Preopercle without salient augle, the seme at the angle scarcely enlarged; caudal 
fin rounded; (eye not surrounded by dark points ; body with- 
out traces of longitudinal darker .stripes) ; caudal peduncle 
with a large, quadrate black blotch above (sometimes ob- 
solete in young or in very old examiiles) ; color (in spirits) 
dark brown, with scattered roundish blotches of pale blue- 
ish, these most distinct on breast and lower parts of head ; 
fins pale, spotted like the body, their edges darker; young 
with large round, whitish spots, regularly arranged. 
Labriformis, 25. 
it. Preopercle with a more or less di.stinct salient augle, which is armed with larger 
teeth (these teeth occasionally undeveloped in E. striatus, 
which species may be known by the presence of black points 
' around the eyes). 
fc. Caudal peduncle with a large quadrate saddle-like black blotch above (some- 
times wanting in E. niveatus, especially in the young) ; ver- 
tical fins uot edged with black. 
I. Eye surrounded by conspicuous dark brown points; body with irregular dark 
cross-bars; angle of preopercle little salient; third dorsal 
spine highest, 2^ in head; scales moderate, about 100; 
caudal rounded ; lower jaw little projecting; vertical fins 
in life broadly edged with yellow Striatus, 26. 
II. Eye uot surrounded by dark points ; sides brown, marked with large blotches 
of steel-blue, these more or less regularly arranged aud not 
distinct on the breast; no dark cross-bars; lower jaw 
strongly projecting; caudal fin subtruucate, its angles 
rather acute ; pyloric cieca rather numerous. .Niveatus, 27. 
kk. Caudal peduncle without black, saddle-like blotch above. 
n. Caudal fin truncate or emarginate when spread open, not convex behind ; 
maxillary usually more or less scaly ; vertical fins without 
broad edging of black. 
o. Dorsal fin, or a part of it, distinctly edged with bright yellow. 
p. Color of body uniform reddish brown, a clear blue streak from eye to 
angle of preorbital ; a faint dark moustache ; no black spots 
anywhere; whole dorsal with a bright yellow edging; anal 
and caudal without pale edging; caudal slightly lunate; 
maxillary scaly ; dorsal rays X, 14; lower jaw strongly pro- 
jecting (as in Epinephelus niveatus, with which this species 
seems to agree very closely in all respects except the color). 
Flavolimbatus, 28. 
pp. [Color of body dull greenish, the sides speckled with emerald-green ; 
(dirty whitish in spirits) ; tips of anal, caudal, soft dorsal 
and pectoral saffron-yellow ; four oblong, dark blotches on 
back below base of dorsal; body rather elongate ; lower jaw 
projecting ; dorsal rays XI, 16; caudal injured] (Jenym). 
Aspersus, 29. 
