REVIEW OF THE SERRANID^. 
359 
We have drawn our knowledge of this species chiefly from the account given by 
Professor Doderlein. If we can place any dependence whatever on Rafiuesque’s de- 
scriptions, his Spams scirenga is more likely to be this species than Mycteroperca 
rubra or any other of the Serrauoid fishes which are found in the waters of Sicily. 
The character of yellowish longitudinal stripes along the flanks and of caudal fin 
entire seem to point to this species rather than to any other. The following is 
Rafinesque’s account: 
“136. Sp. Sparus Scirenga. — Olivastro, alcune linee longitiidiuali giallastre ai lati de la testa e dei 
fianchi, opercolo augolato snperiormeate, linea laterale curva, coda iguale intiera, Oss. II suo nomine 
volgare ^ 1’ istesso che il suospecifico, e gli h comuue con un pesce molto diverse il Nolognidion scirenga ; 
il ranso appuntato, 1’ iride rossa indorata, ed uii solo raggio spinoso all’ itnale ; la sua came non h 
disprezzevole e giunge alia lunghezza di due piedi ; non sono certo se appartiene effetivamente a questo 
genere e dubbito che abbia molto affinity col geuere Lutiamis.” 
34. EPINEPHBLUS iENEUS. 
Serranus wneus Isidore Geoffroy Saint- Hilaire, “Poissons de I’figypte ed. Panckoucke, 208, 1809” 
(Egypt). 
Cerna mnea Doderlein, Rivista delle specie del Genere Epinephelus o Cerna, 1882, 34, tav. ii, f. 3 (with 
full description and synonymy). 
Mediterranean Sea. 
Etymology. — ^neus, brassy. 
We have not studied this species, and we draw our, account of it from the paper of 
Professor Doderlein. 
35, EPINEPHELUS GIGAS. 
(Merou.) 
^ Labrus giiaza Linnmus, Syst. Nat., ed. X, 285, 1758 (“ Habitat in Pelago,” may be E. nigritus). 
Perea gigas Briinnich, Icbthyol. Massiliensis, 65, No. 81, 1768 (Marseilles). 
Holocentrus gigas Blocb & Schneider, Syst. Ichth., 1801, 322 (copied). 
Serranus gigas Cnv. & Val., II, 270, pi. xsxii, 1828; Gunther, I, 132, 1859 (Madeira ; Cape of Good 
Hope); Steiudachner, Ichth. Berichte, IV, 11, 1867 (excl. syn. pars; Barcelona; Tangier; 
Lisbon; Teueriffe) ; Steiudachner, Ichth. Beitr., XII, 6, 1882 (comparison with Epinepbelus 
caninus) ; Steiudachner, Ichth. Beitr., 1876, V, 127 (Canary Is. ; Madeira; Cape Verde; Cape 
of Good Hope ; Brazil) ; Day, British Fishes, 16, pi. v. (south coast of England) and of 
European authors generally. 
Cerna gigas Doderlein, Rivista del Genere Epinephelus o Cerna, 1882, 10, tab. 1, f. 1. (detailed descrip- 
tion and synonymy). 
Epinephelus gigas Jordan & Swain, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 1884, 388 (copied). 
Holocentrus merou Lacdp&de, Hist. Nat. Poiss.,IV, 377, 1803 (after Briinnich). 
Serranus mentzeli Cuv. & Val., II, 291, 1828 (coast of Brazil) ; Giintber, I, 140, 1859 (copied). 
Serranus dichropterus Cuv. & Val., 11,293, 1828 (Brazil; not type, which was from Japan, having been 
also the type of Holocentrus ongua Bloch). 
Perea robusta Couch, “Mag. Nat. Hist., 1832, V, 21, f. 7” (Polperro). 
Serranus marginatus Lowe, “Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1833, 142” (Madeira). 
Serranus fimbria! us Lowe, “Trans. Cambr. Phil. Soc., 1836, 195, pi. i” (Madeira). 
Serranus ongus Gunther, I, 1859, 142 (Bahia ; not Epinephelus ongus Bloch, a Japanese hsh). 
Epinephelus brachtjsomua Cope, Trans. Am. Phil. Soc. Pbila., 1871, 466 (Rio Janeiro). 
Habitat. — Eastern Atlantic; Mediterranean; coast of Brazil. 
Etymology. — Gigas, giant. 
