REVIEW OF THE SERRANID^. 
361 
37. EPINEPHELUS MORIO. 
(Red Grouper; Cherna Americana; Ciierna de Vivero.) 
Serramts morio Cuv. & Val., Hist. Nat. Poiss., II, 285, 1828 (‘-New York” and San Domingo) ; Dekay, 
New York Fauna, Fishes, 1842,23 (copied); Giinther, I, 142, 1859 (Cuba) ; Steiudacbner, Ichth. 
Beitr., V, 127, 1876 (Rio Janeiro); Poey, Repertorio, I, 197. 
Gill, Cat. Fish. E. Coast, 1861, 28 (name only); Poey, Syn. Piso. Cub., 1868, 285 
(Havana) ; Poey, Enum. Pise. Cub., 15; Jordan & Gilbert, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 1878, 379 
(Beaufort, N. C.) ; Goode, op. cit., 1879, 115 (St. John’s River; Indian River) ; Goode & Bean, 
op. cit., 1879, 139 (Pensacola) ; Beau, op. cit., 1880, 99 (Bermuda) ; Poey, Anal. Hist. Nat., 
319, 1881 (Puerto Rico); Goode & Beau, op. cit., 1882, 238 (name only); Jordan & Gilbert, op. 
cit., 1882, 272 (Pensacola); Poey, Bull. U. S. Fish Comm., 1885, 118 (Key West) ; Jordan & Gil- 
bert, Syn. Fish. N. A., 1883, 510 ; Beau, Cat. Fishes Exhib. Loudon, 60, 1883 (Key West, Fla.); 
Jordan, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 1884, 124 (Key West) ; Jordan & Swain, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus. 
1884, 381, (description and synonymy). 
Serranus erythrogaster Dekay, New York Fauna, Fishes, 1842, 21, tab. 19 (Florida); Storer, Synopsis, 
1846, 30 (copied); Holbrook, Ichth. S. Carol., 1860, 29, pi. 5, fig. 2 (Charleston); Giinther, I, 
133 (copied). 
Epinephelus erythrogaster Gill, Cat. Fishes East Coast U. S. 30, 1861 (name only). 
Serranus remotna Poey, Meiuorias Cuba, II, 140, 1860 (Havana). 
Habitat. — Atlautic coast of America, Virginia to Eio Janeiro. 
Htymology. — Morio, (Moor), translation of the name negre used at San Domingo. 
Specimens of this species from Charleston, St. Thomas, Para and Rio Janeiro are in 
the museum at Cambridge. 
38. EPINEPHELUS NIGRITUS. 
(Black Jew-fish). 
Serranus nigritus Holbrook, Ichth. S. Car., Ed. 1, 173, pi. xxv, f. 11, 1856 (Charleston) ; Giinther, 1, 1859, 
134 (copied). 
Epinephelus nigritus Gill, Cat. Fish. E. Coast U. S., 1861, 30 (name only) ; Goode »& Bean, Proc. U. S. 
Nat. Mus., 1878, 182; Goode & Bean, op. cit., 1879, 139 (Pensacola) ; Goode, op. cit., 1879, 115 
(Indian River, Florida.); Jordan & Gilbert, Syn. Fish. N. A., 1883, 541 (copied); Jordan & 
Swain, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 1884, 380; Jordan, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 1885, 208 (Pensacola) ; 
Bean, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 1885, 231 (Pensacola). 
Habitat. — South Atlantic and Gulf coast of United States, Charleston, Pensacola. 
Etymology. — Nigritus, blackened. 
This large Grouper, the largest in size of all our species ot Epinephelus, is not uncom- 
mon off the coast of Florida. We have examined many specimens, large and small, since 
the publieation of the memoir of Jordan and Swain, and the relations of the species 
may be considered as well established. This species reaches a weight of probably 500 
pounds, about the same size as the largest known examples of Prornicrops gttUatus and 
Stereolepis gigas. None of the European species of Epinephelus reaeh so large a size, 
the extreme weight of Epinephelus gigas being, aceording to Doderlein, about 60 kilo- 
grammes; that of E. caninus 90 kilogrammes. 
Wehave proposed to consider this species and its nearally, E. merus as constituting 
a subgenus distinct from the other Epinepheli on account of the difference in the form 
of the upper portion of the skull. We have suggested for this group the Portuguese 
