REVIEW OF THE SERRANID^ 
365 
added to the group, while another, M. reticulata, has been eliminated, this species being 
identical with M. tigris. The name rubra takes the place of seirenga, and that of apua 
supersedes guttata for the red variety of M. venenosa. We have found it convenient 
to divide the group on the character of the nostrils, a basis of division more natural 
than that adopted in our former paper. 
Professor Peters (Berliner Monatsberichte, 1865, 107) gives a detailed account of 
the specimen which was the original type of Epinephelus ruber. This Epineplielus 
ruber is a Mycteroperca, as is shown by the number of fin rays (D, XI, 16; A. Ill, 11), 
by the projecting lower jaw, the pointed snout, and by the general resemblance in 
form of body, fins, head, and teeth which the species is said to show to Mycteroperca 
acutirostris. As elsewhere stated, there is little doubt of the identity of ruber and 
acutirostris. 
ANALYSIS OF SPECIES OF MYCTEROPERCA. 
a. Nostrils very close together, the posterior decidedly larger than the anterior {Mycteroperca). 
b. Second dorsal spine highest, its length more than one-third that of head ; third spine scarcely. 
shorter; caudal slightly lunate; canine teeth moderate; angle of preopercle 
not salient ; anal fin angulated, its longest rays about 21 in head, its poste- 
rior margin concave; gill-rakers coarse and long, x + 15; scales small 
(13-20-x). Color brown, with grayish reticulations around brown spots; 
fins dusky edged; specimens from deep water {yav. r uberrima) chiefly red. 
Olfax, 41. 
bb. Second dorsal spine low, shorter than third, the'third and fourth highest, 
c. Margin of anal fin posteriorly concave, its middle rays much exserted. 
d. Outer rays of caudal scarcely produced, not two-thirds length of head ; canine teeth moderate ; 
, angle of preopercle little salient; scales small (hit. 1. about 130); color 
plain red ; vertical fins without black edgings; gill-rakers long, x -|- 17. 
Rosacea, 42. 
dd. Outer rays of caudal much produced, more than two-thirds length of head ; i>reopercle 
with salient angle ; canine teeth strong ; scales small (lat. 1. 140) ; gill- rakers 
about 4 + 20. Color brownish with small darker spots ; vertical fins broadly 
edged with blackish Falcata, 43. 
X. Upper canines directed strongly forward, the lower backward ; coloration obscure. 
var. falcata 
XX. Upper canines nearly vertical ; coloration paler and brighter var. phenax. 
cc. Margin of anal fin not concave posteriorly, the outline of the fin rounded or slightly angular, 
e. Gill-rakers rather few, x -j- 12 ; body without dark cross-bars, covered with grayish reticula- 
tions around small brown spots, these not evident on head ; anal fin rounded; 
preopercle with a salient angle ; caudal deeply lunate; scales moderate (lat. 
1. 90 to 100) form rather robust; anal fin not augulate Callic;ra, 44. 
ee. Gill-rakers very few, short, and thick, about x 6; body with light and dark cross-bars, 
these often becoming obsolete with age; head usually with distinct reticu- 
lations around yellowish spots; anal fin with angular margin, subtruncate 
posteriorly; preopercle without salient angle; scales rather small (lat. 1. 
133) ; form rather robust Tigris, 45. 
X. Ground color dark olive var. tigris. 
XX. Ground color bright red var. Camelopardalis. 
aa. Nostrils small, subequal, well separated. 
c. Gill-rakers in moderate or small numbers, from 8 ial8 on lower part of anterior arch {Trisotropis 
Gill). 
d. Anal fin not angulated, its outline more or less evenly rounded; soft parts of vertical fins 
edged with black in life. 
e. Angle of preopercle not salient, its teeth scarcely enlarged ; gill-rakers x -(- 8 to 10. 
