REVIEW OP THE SERRANID.E. 
381 
Color much as in Bodianus fulvus ruber — bright red ; head, back, and sides covered 
with blue points which are edged with blackish ; dorsal edged with dusky ; caudal tips 
black above aud below ; maxillary with a row of dark spots ; some dark spots about eye. 
Genus XIV.— PARANTHIAS. 
Brachyrhinus Gill, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Pliila., 1862, 236 {creolus=fiircifer) (preoccupied in ento= 
mology). 
Paranthias Guicheuot, Ann. Soo. Linn. Maiiie-et-Loire, X, 1868 (^furcifer = creolus). 
Type . — Serranus furcifer Cnv. & Val. 
Etymology . — //«/>«, near 5 Anthias, a related genus. 
This is one of the most strongly marked of our Serranoid genera, well distinguished 
among the Epinephelince by the number of fin rays (D. IX, 18), by the deeply forked 
caudal, aud by the form of the mouth and frontal region, in which respects it bears much 
resemblance to the Anthiinw. But one species is known, a beautifully colored fish, 
inhabiting deep waters. 
ANALYSIS OF THE SPECIES OF PARANTHIAS. 
a. Body moderately elongate, strongly compre.ssed; the profile convex and the snout short, as in the 
suborder Anthiinw; snout about 4 in head ; eye about 4 ; maxillary reaching to below middle of 
eye, 2f in head; maxillary broadened posteriorly, its surface scaled, as in Anthias; teeth small, 
recurved, in a narrow hand in each jaw ; two to four straight canines near the front of each jaw ; 
preorbital very narrow ; preopercle finely serrate, with salient angle or enlarged teeth; gill- 
rakers slender ; scales small, closely and regularly imbricated, most of them strongly ctenoid; 
dorsal fin low, the spines strong, the third longest, 2^ in head ; soft rays of dorsal low, scarcely 
higher than longest spine ; anal short, its longest (second) soft ray 2 in head, its third spine 
longest, 2|- in head; ventrals narrow, not reaching vent; pectorals lanceolate, as long as head; 
humeral scale long; color bright red, or salmon color, with three small violet spots, one on side 
of hack and one or two oa the tail, a bar of similar color extending from upper corner of pec- 
toral across the humeral process; sides with faint oblique streaks along the rows of scales; 
dorsal fin with a longitudinal blackish streak. Head, 3f in length ; dejith, 3. D. IX-18 ; A. 
Ill, 9. Scales, 90 to 120 Furcifer, G2. 
62. PARANTHIAS FURCIFER. 
(Rabirubbia de lo Alto.) 
Rahirrubia de lo alto Parra, Piezas de Hist. Nat. Cuba, 43, lam. 21, fig. 2, 1787 (Havana). 
Serranus furcifer Cuv. & Val., Hist. Nat. Poiss.. II, 264, 1828 (Brazil). 
Anthias furcifer Giiather, Cat. Fish. Brit. Mus., I, 91, 1859 (Brazil). 
Paranthias furcifer Guichenot, Ann. Linntean Soc., X, 1868; Jordan, Cat. Fish. N.*Am., 83, 1885 (name 
only); Jordan, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 377, 1885 (Cape San Lucas; Galapagos Isl.; Panama); 
Jordan, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 1886, 39 (Havana) ; Jordan, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 1889, 181 
(Charles, Chatham, and Albemarle Islands, Galapagos). 
Brachyrhinus furcifer Poey, Ann. Lyc. Nat. Hist., 34, 1871 (Cuba); Poey, Ennmeratio Pise. Cubens., 
19, 1875 (Havana) ; Jordan & Gilbert, Synopsis Fi.sh. N. Am., 916, 1883. 
Serranus creolus Cuv. & Val., Hist. Nat. Poiss., II. 265, 1829 (Martinique ; San Domingo); Storer, Syn- 
opsis Fish. N. Am., 278, 1846 (copied) ; Giinther, Cat. Fish., Brit. Mus., 1, 100, 1859(Cuba; West 
Indies); Giinther, Fish, ol Cen. Am., 409, 1869; Steindachner, Ichth. Beitrage, IV, 6, 1875 
(Panama; Lower California ; Galapagos). 
Brachyrhinus creolus Gill, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phil., 249, 1862 (Cape San Lucas) ; Poey, Synopsis, 281, 
1868 (Havana); Poey, Ann. Lyc. Nat. Hist. New York, 46, 1871. 
Paranthias creolus Guichenot, Ann. Linuiean Soc., X, 1868. 
Comma oxyptera Dekay, New York Fauna, Fishes, 1842, 77, pi. xxx, f. 96. 
Serranus colonus Valenciennes, Voyage Venus, Zool., 300, pi. 2, fig. 1, 1846 (Galapagos Isl.). 
