414 
BULLETIN OF THE UNITED STATES FISH COMMISSION. 
Genus XXIV. — AXTHIAS. 
Anthias Bloch, Ichthyologia, 1792 {saccr = anthias). 
Aylopon Eafinesque, Caratteri di alctini Nuovi Generi, etc., Sicilia, 52, 1810 (anthias) (substitute for 
Anthias, said to be preoccupied). 
Type. — Anthias sacer Bloch ; Lahrus anthias (Linineus). 
Etymology. — ’Avdia^, ancient name of some large fish, perhaps the Albicore; prob- 
ably from avdo<;, a flower. 
We retain the generic name of Anthias for Anthias anthias and its immediate rel- 
atives, letting Pronotogrammns, Odontanthias, and other closely related groups stand 
for the present as distinct genera. Xoue of the species of Anthias are American, and 
Anthias anthias is the only one of them which we have been able to examine. 
We find no warrant for Eafinesque’s statement that the name Anthias is preoccu- 
pied. We find the name Anthia among the insects, bearing date of 1801. 
ANALYSIS OF EUROPEAN SPECIES OF ANTHIAS. 
a. Maxillary with about five series of large scales ; ventral fins very much produced, the second ray 
reaching entirely beyond base of anal fin; third dorsal spine elevated, twice as high as any of 
the others, about as long as head; body oblong ovate, strongly compressed ; head compressed; 
profile convex, slightly depressed between the eyes; eyes large, 'S\ in head; mouth large, 
oblique; maxillary very broad posteriorly, its greatest width nearly three times the width of 
the narrow preorbital; teeth in both jaws uniserial laterally, in bands in front; one or two 
strong recurved canines on each side of lower jaw; a straight autrorse canine on each side in 
front; canines of upper jaw short, turned forward; no teeth on tongue; posterior edge of pre- 
opercle finely serrate, with larger spines at the angle; preorbital and lower jaw naked, rest of 
head scaly ; scales on top of head very small, extending beyond nostrils. Dorsal spines long and 
slender, the third much elevated ; soft dorsal with some elongate rays ; caudal very deeply 
forked, the lobes produced; second and third anal spines subequal; third soft ray longer than 
longest soft dorsal rays ; pectorals short, not reaching beyond front of anal ; color red; head with 
three yellow bands radiating from eye ; body freckled with greenish or yellowish spots; two 
bands on side of occiput, and a series of spots along ba‘<e of dorsal ; fius brownish green. Head, 
SJ- in length; depth, 2f. D. X, 15; A. Ill, 7. Scales, 5-38-16 Anthias, 105. 
105. ANTHIAS ANTHIAS. 
(Baebier; Imperador.) 
Lahrus totiis ruhescens cauda bifnrea Artedi, Synonomia, 54, 1737 (Mediterranean). 
Lahrus anthias Linnaeus, Syst. Nat., Eil. X, 282, 1758 (after Artedi) (and of copyists). 
Perea penn anti Bloch, “ Schrift. naturforsohender Freunde, X, pi. 9, f. 1, 1782.” 
Anthias sacer Bloch, Ichthyologia, Taf. 375, 1792; Cuv. & Val., II, 250; Giinther, I, 88, and of nearly 
all recent writers. 
Aylopon ivicce Guichenot, Index Generum ac Specierum Authiadidorum, 2, 1868 (Ivica ; Malta). 
Aylopon hispanus Guichenot, 1. c., 2 (Spain). 
Aylopon rissoi Guichenot, 1. c., 3 (Nice). 
Aylopon nicceensis Guichenot, 1. c., 4 (Nice). 
Aylopon canariensis Guichenot, L c., 5 (Canaries; Madeiras). 
Aylopon algeriensis Guichenot, 1. c., 5 (Algiers). 
Habitat. — Coasts of southern Europe and northern Africa. 
Etymology. — 'Avdiag, ancient name of some large fish. 
