IOWA ACADEMY OF SCIENCE 
297 
One other bird enemy needs special attention and that is the hawk. 
So many hawks are of value to the farmer because of the mice, rats, and 
insects that they destroy making it a problem as to just which, ones 
should be exterminated. According to N. Blanchan, and above named 
authority, four hawks at least deserve to be wiped out. These are the 
large and the small Coopers Hawk and the Goshawk, and for the pro- 
tection of our friendly birds especially, the small sparrow hawk should 
not be spared. 
This is but a brief and incomplete survey of the field as to the birds 
of value and those of harm. Some authorities state that the yellow- 
bellied woodpecker and the sap-suckers should be exterminated also. 
But of greatest important to us just now is the further and imme- 
diate protection of our helpful birds. Iowa laws are good, but not good 
enough. Iowa laws in respect to birds, both harmful and helpful, are 
merely passive. What we need are laws that result in action, and not 
until such are obtained will our bird friends be amply protected. The 
great horned owl, the crow, some of the hawks, the blue jay and the 
English sparrow and the yellow-bellied woodpecker and the sap-sucker 
are placed on the black list, hence should be exterminated. 
Material for this paper has been taken from: 
1. “ Birds that Hunt and are Hunted,” by N. Blanchan. 
2. “Bird Enemies of the Codling Moth,” in U. S. Agriculture De- 
partment, Yr. Bk. 1911, p. 237-44. 
3. “Craftman” 23, Nov., 1912, pp. 233-6, extracts from, W. L. Me- 
Atte, Prof. Judd and Prof. Beal. 
4. “Woodpeckers,” Harpers Weekly 56:23, Feb. 18, 1912. 
No. 4 is good, but gives nothing on the harm done to any other birds 
by the woodpecker. 
GOOD AND BAD WOODPECKERS. 
Harpers Weekly. 
Sap-suckers never pay for their keep. These birds peck holes in trees, 
but instead of withdrawing the destructive insects that may be lurking 
under the bark they feed upon the pieces and the soft parts of trees. 
In getting their food they often destroy so much of the growing layer 
that the death of large limbs or even that of whole trees may result. 
There is no record in this country of any woodpecker killing a tree by 
drilling except of these two species of sap-suckers, one the “yellow- 
