BULLETIN OF THE UNITED STATES FISH COMMISSION. 
416 
Malformations are rare. Double-lieadecl monsters or similar forms have never 
been seen. In one case the lower jaw was distorted; in another one eye was destroyed ; 
in fact all the malformations found were evidently due to causes acting after hatching, 
overcrowding, etc., and entirely different in kind from those producing double mon- 
sters. Nonfertilized eggs were not found unless the single dead egg found among all 
of those examined died because of nonfertilization. It is of course not to be expected 
that any eggs should escape fertilization when they are permanently surrounded by 
a fluid highly favorable to the longevity of spermatozoa. 
The following table will enable us to form some estimate of the number of young 
and the rate of growth. Most of the individuals obtained during one season are 
recorded. It must be borne in mind, however, that no small mothers were obtained 
in the early part of this season. Some valuable embryos and larvie can not be recorded 
here because I could neither beg nor buy the mothers and secured the young only by 
offering to clean the fish for the captor. 
The first column gives the ovaries in the numerical order in which they were pro- 
cured. The headings sufficiently explain the remaining columns. 
No. 
Date. 
Length 
of 
mother. 
Condition of young. 
Sum- | 
her of 
young. 1 
No. 
Date. 
I Length 
of 
mother. 
Condition of young. 
Num- 
ber of 
young. 
1890. 
mm. 
1891. . 
mm. 
i 
Nov. 1 
160 
1 to 8 cells 
18 
45 
J an 
4 
120 
Not ripe 
2 
Nov. 30 
140 
36 ( ?) cells 
21 
46 
Jan 
4 
145 
20 
3 
Nov. 30 
150 
47 
Jan. 
125 
mm 
7 
4 
Nov. 30 
120 
About complete seg 
48 
g 
120 
J ust hatched .... 
11 
mentation. 
49 
Jan. 
8 
122 
Segmenting 
14 
5 
Dec. 15 
106 
Not ripe 
50 
Jan. 
8 
124 
Segmenting 
13 
6 
Dec. 15 
106 
Complete segmenta- 
9 
51 
Jan. 
8 
114 
6 mm 
17 
tion. 
52 
Jan. 
g 
140 
6 mm 
18 
7 
Dec. 15 
137 
13 
53 
138 
5 mm 
22 
8 
Dec. 15 
150 
54 
Jan. 
g 
137 
16 
Dec. 18 
105 
Complete segmenta- 
10 
55 
Jan. 
8 
120 
Segmenting 
12 
tion. 
56 
Jan. 
8 
121 
Segmenting 
(?) 
10 
Dec. 18 
120 
Xot ripe 
57 
Jan. 
11 
155 
6-11 mm 
17 
11 
Dec. 18 
- 135 
Just hatched 
11 
58 
Jan. 
11 
120 
Hatched 
12 
Dec. 18 
125 
hi ot ripo 
59 
Jan. 
11 
118 
Segmenting 
Y 
13 
Dec. 18 
125 
15’ 
60 
Jan. 
11 
134 
2.5jnm 
9 
14 
Dec. 18 
135 
16 
61 
Jan. 
11 
133 
15 
Dec. 23 
150 
5 mm 
17 
62 
Jan. 
11 
135 
| 
16 
Dec. 23 
150 
8th segment)?) 
10 
63 
Jan. 
11 
140 

17 
Dec. 23 
140 
Yolk inclosed 
14 
64 
Jan. 
21 
145 
7 mm ................. 

18 
Dec. 23 
135 
do 
10 
65 
Jan. 
21 
155 
5J mm 
17 
19 
Dec. 28 
110 
7 
66 
Jan. 
165 
6 mm 
20 
20 
Dec. 28 
98 
Not ripe 
(5 eggs) 
67 
Jan. 
25 
147 
7 mm 
18 
21 
Dec. 28 
103 
6 
68 
Jan. 
25 
102 
15 mm 
15 
22 
Dec. 28 
140 
19 
69 
Jan. 
25 
120 
5 mm 
9 
1891. 
70 
Jan. 
25 
112 
2 ram 
23 
Jan. 1 
135 
4 effffs rine 
71 
Jan . 
25 
145 
2 mm 
24 
Jan. 1 
122 
Blastopore closing 
11 
72 
Jan. 
25 
120 
2 mm 
25 
Jan. 1 
140 
7 mm 
73 
Apr. 
19 
80 
6 mm 
26 
Jan. 1 
no 
16 
74 
Apr. 
19 
85 
4 mm 
7 
27 
Jan. 1 
140 
Not ripe 
Apr. 
19 
100 
14 mm 
8 
28 
Jan. 1 
130, 140 
Hatched 
76 
Apr. 
24 
110 
10 mm 
9 
29 
Jan. 1 
140 
Just hatched 
77 
May 
24 
160 
Empty. Ovary still 
30 
Jan. 1 
120 
very large. 
J an . 1 
130 
No proto vertebrae 
13 
78 
TVTow 
•)i 
140 
do . . . 
32 
Jan. 1 
115 
13 
79 
May 24 
150 
Empty. Ovary re- 
33 
Jan. 1 
140 
6 mm 
11 
duced to normal. 
34 
Jan. 1 
145 
12 mm 
80 
May 
24 
120 
Empty . Ovary re- 
35 
Jan. 1 
140 
6 mm 
duced to normal. 
36 
Jan. 1 
120 
2.6 mm 
81 
May 
24 
100 
18 min 
5 
37 
Jan. 1 
140 
4 mm 
82 
May 31 
118 
25 mm 
38 
Jan. 1 
145 
8 ram 
83 
May 
31 
112 
22 mm 
8 
39 
Jan. 4 
no 
Segmenting 
7 1 
84 
May 
31 
107 
22 mm 
7 
40 
Jan. 4 
115 
Segmenting 
10 : 
85 
May 31 
100 
20 mm 
6 
41 
Jan. 4 
110 
Segmenting 
86 
May 
31 
100 
22 mm 
5 | 
42 
Jan. 4 
140 
3 mm 
19 
87 
May 31 
90 
Not mature 
43 
Jan. 4 
115 
2 min 
12 I 
88 
May 31 
100 
20 mm 
6 j 
44 
Jan. 4 
112 
Segmenting 
89-95 
May 
31 
<j" with large testes . . . 

