ENTOMOLOGY. 
beads. 5. Capitate, capitate, when they 
grow thicker towards the point, and ter- 
minate in a knob or head. 6. Fis- 
siles, fissile, i. e. cleft, when they are capi- 
tate, and have the head or knob divided 
longitudinally into three or four parts or la- 
minae. 7. Perfoliate, perfoliated, when 
the head or knob is divided horizontally. 
8. Pectinate, pectinated, i. e. resembling a 
comb, when they have a longitudinal series 
of hairs projecting from them, in form of a 
comb. 9. Barbate, barbed, when they 
have little projections or barbs placed on 
their sides ; they are either longiores, longer 
than the body; breviores, shorter than the 
body; or, mediocres, of the same length 
with the body. The mouth, in most in- 
sects, is placed in the under part of the 
head ; sometimes, however, it is situated in 
the thorax, and in a few instances is entirely 
wanting; it is furnished with palp®, or 
feelers; rostrum, i. e. beak or snout; la- 
bium, or lip; maxillae, or jaws, placed 
transversely, and moving laterally; dentes, 
or teeth; lingua, or tongue; palatum, or 
palate : the feelers, which are four or six 
in number, are attached to the mouth, and 
have two, four, or three articulations : the 
stemmata are three prominent shining 
points on the top of the head. 
II. Truncus, the trunk, to which the legs 
are attached, is situated between the head 
and the abdomen ; it is divided into, 1 . The 
thorax, or chest, which is the superior part. 
2. Scutellum, i, e. small shield or escutcheon, 
which is the posterior part. 3. The breast 
and sternum, which is the inferior part. 
III. The Abdomen, that part which con- 
tains the stomach, intestines, and other vis- 
cera, consists of several annular segments ; 
it is perforated on the sides with spiracula, 
or breathing-holes ; the upper part of it is 
termed tergum, or back ; the inferior part 
venter, or belly ; the posterior part anus. 
IV. Artus, the extremities, are the wings, 
legs, and tail. 
(I.) Ate, the wings, are two or four; they 
are either, 1. Plan®, i. e. plain, such as can- 
not be folded up by the insect : or 2. Plica- 
tiles, or folding, such as can be folded up 
by the insect at pleasure. 3. Erect®, erect, 
such as have their superior surfaces brought 
into contact, and stand upright when the 
insect is at rest. 4. Patentes, spreading; 
such as are extended horizontally. 5. In- 
cumbentes, incumbent ; such as rest on the 
upper part of the abdomen. 6. Detiex®, 
bent down ; such as are partly incumbent, 
but have their exterior gdge inclined to- 
wards the sides of the abdomen. 7. Re- 
verse, reversed ; such as are incumbent, but 
inverted. 8. Dentate, such as have their 
edges notched or serrated. 9. Caudate, 
such as have processes extended from their 
extremitres like a tail. 10. Reticulate, 
netted ; when the vessels of the wings put 
on the appearance of net- work. 11. Pictae, 
painted ; such as are marked with coloured 
spots, bands, streaks, lines, or dots. 12. No- 
tate, marked with specks. 13. Ornate, 
adorned with little eyes, or circular spots, 
containing a spot of a different colour in 
their centre : the central spot is termed 
pupil ; the exterior one is called iris ; this 
may happen either in the primary or se- 
condary wings, on their upper or under sur- 
faces : the superior wing is called primary, 
and the inferior secondary, to avoid confu- 
sion, as they may be at times reversed. 
The elytra are hard shells, occupying the 
place of the upper wings. They are for 
the most part moveable, and are either, 
1. Truncata, truncated, when shorter than 
the abdomen, and terminated by a trans- 
verse line. 2. Spinosa, or prickly, when 
their surfaces are covered with sharp points 
or prickles. 3. Serrata, serrated, when 
their edges are notched. 4. Scabra, rough, 
when their surface resembles a file. 5. Stri- 
ata, striated, when marked with slender 
longitudinal furrows, 6. Porcata, ridged, 
when marked with elevated ridges. 7 . Sul- 
cata, furrowed. 8. Punctata, marked with 
dots. 9. Fastigiata, when formed like the 
roof of a house. The hemelytra, as it were 
half-elytra, partaking partly of the nature 
of crustaceous shells, and membranaceous 
wings, being formed of an intermediate sub- 
stance. Halteres, or poisers, are small or- 
bicular bodies placed on stalks, situated un- 
der the wings of insects, of the order Dip- 
tera. 
(II.) Pedes, the legs, are divided into, 
1 . Femur, or thigh, that part which is 
joined to the trunk. 2. Tibia, or shank. 
3. Tarsus, or foot. 4. Ungues, hooks or 
nails. 5. Manus, (chela), hands or claws, 
simple, with a moveable thumb, as in the 
crab. The hind legs are termed, 1. Curso- 
rii, formed for running. 2. Saltatorii, form- 
ed for leaping. 3. Natatorii, formed for 
swimming. 
(HI.) Cauda, the tail, which terminates 
the abdomen, is 1. Solitaria, i. e. single. 
2. Bicornis, i, e, two-horned, or double. 
3. Simplex, simple, i. e. unarmed. 4. Ar- 
mata, i. e. furnished; 1. with forceps or 
pincers : 2. with furca, a fork : 3. with one 
