ENGINE. 
though it continues the same in itself. The 
pipe, e, is screwed by a flanch to an upright 
pipe, P, fig. 5, connected with another square 
iron pipe, fastened along the bottom of the 
chest of the engine ; a curved brass tube, 
G, comes from this pipe through the end of 
the chest, and is cut into a screw to fit on 
the suction hose when it can be used ; at 
other times a close cap is screwed, on, and 
another brass cap at H, within the chest is 
screwed upwards on its socket, to open se- 
veral small holes made in it, and allow the 
water to enter into the pipe ; in this case 
the engine chest must be kept full of water 
by buckets. The valves are made of brass, 
and turn upon hinges. The principal ad- 
vantage of the engine is the facility with 
which it is cleaned from any sand, gravel, 
or other obstructions, which a fire-engine 
will always gather when at work. 
The chambers, /, g, being so large, allow 
sufficient room to lodge a greater quantity 
of dirt than is likely to be accumulated in 
the use of the engine at any one fire, and if 
any of it accidentally falls into the cylinder, 
it is gently lifted out again into the cham- 
bers by the piston, without being any ob- 
struction to its motion : to clear the engine 
from the dirt, two circular plates, r r, five 
inches diameter, are unscrewed from the 
lids, h h, of the chambers, fg, and when 
cleaned are screwed on again : these screw 
covers fit perfectly tight without leather, 
and can be taken out, the engine cleared, 
and enclosed again in a very short time, 
even when the engine is in use, if found 
necessary. 
The two upper valves, p q, and chamber, 
K, can also be cleared with equal ease, by 
screwing out the air-vessel, k 1c, fig. 1, which 
opens an aperture of five inches, and fits air- 
tight, without leather, when closed. The 
valves may be repaired through the same 
openings. The use of the air-vessel, kk, 
fig. 1 and 2, is to equalize the jet from the 
engine during the short intermittance of 
motion at the return of the piston stroke ; 
this it does by the elasticity of the compres- 
sed air within it, which forces the water out 
continually, though not supplied quite regu- 
larly from the engine. 
The engine from which our drawing was 
taken was made for the Sun Fire Insurance 
Company, in London, and from some expe- 
riments made by their agent, Mr. Samuel 
Hubert, appears to answer every purpose. 
Engine for raising water. The frame 
of the machine is of cast iron, nearly in the 
form of the letter A ; there are two of these 
frames, B B, (fig. 1, Plate Pump- Engine,) 
screwed together by means of five wrought 
iron pillars, aaaa; D, is another smaller 
frame, to support the axis of the fly-wheel, 
connected with the other frame by three 
short pillars ; E, is the fly wheel turned by 
winches on the end of its axis ; it has a pi- 
nion (13) of 13 leaves upon its axis, turning 
a wheel (48) of 48 teeth, on whose axis are 
two cranks, b b, opposite to each other, to 
work the pumps ; e e, are the two crank 
rods, made each in two branches, and joint- 
ed at the lower end into two other rods, //, 
which slide through holes made in the fixed 
bars, g g, fig- 2; the crank rods receive 
these bars between their two branches, and 
by this means, though the rods,//, are con- 
fined by their guides to move truly vertical, 
the crank rods, e e, can partake of the irregu- 
lar motion of the crank. The pump rods of 
the pumps are screwed to the rods, //, by 
two nuts, and go down into the pumps, G H, 
supported from the iron frame by eight iron 
braces, h h. The pumps consist of two bar- 
rels, G H, with valves at the bottom, allow- 
ing water to enter them freely, but pre- 
venting its return ; the buckets fixed to the 
pump rods fit the barrels truly, and have 
valves in them shutting downwards ; I, is a 
chest bringing water to the valves in the 
bottom of the barrels ; K, is another com- 
municating with the top of the barrels by 
two crooked passages to carry away the 
water from them ; the barrels are close at 
top, and the pump rods pass through close 
stuffing boxes, through which no water will 
leak by them. The action of the pump is 
the same as the common sucking pump; 
when the bucket is drawn up, the valve in it 
closes, and it forms a vacuum in the lower 
part of the barrel ; this causes the water to 
ascend into it through the chest, I, to restore 
the equilibrium, at the same time it raises 
all the water which was above it through 
the chest, K ; on the descent of the bucket 
the valve at the bottom of the barrel shuts, 
and prevents the escape of the water ; the 
valve in the bucket opens, and the water 
passes through it, ready to be raised at the 
next stroke. The barrels in question are 
3 1 inches diameter, and 8 inches stroke. 
As the two cranks, b b, are opposite each 
other, when one bucket is rising, the other 
is going ,down; by this means the power 
required to turn the machine by the handles 
is equalized, and also the quantity of water 
raised by the engine. 
Engines for raising water by the pressure 
and descent of a column inclosed in a pipe 
