ENC 
and gold, with the yellows, greens, and 
browns. None have been substituted in- 
stead of them, this species of painting be- 
ing almost abandoned. 
Thirdly, That several of these colours 
change likewise upon the glass by becom- 
ing perfectly transparent, particularly the 
yellow's and violets. 
Fourthly, That neither an additional cal- 
cination, nor an additional fusion, as has 
been suspected, will prevent them from 
changing : for this method alters the colours 
that change, and does nothing to the rest. 
The change which several colours undergo 
on tender porcelain, and on glass, does not 
therefore relate to the nature of their com- 
position, hut rather to that of the body on 
which they are placed. Consequently, by 
suppressing the carmine of gold from the 
colours of hard porcelain we shall have a 
series of unchangeable colours. 
ENARGEA, in botany, a genus of the 
Hexandria Monogynia class and order. 
Essential character : calyx none ; petals six, 
oblong, ovate, concave, acute, three outer, 
three inner, green spotted ; berry three- 
celled, with four or five globular seeds.There 
is but one species, viz. E. marginata, a na- 
tive of Terra del Fuego. 
ENCALYPTA, in botany, a genus of 
the Cryptogamia Musci class and order. 
Capsule cylindrical; fringe simple, of six- 
teen linear erect distinct teeth ; veil com- 
panulate, inflated lax. There are six spe- 
cies. 
ENCAUSTIC, the same with enamel- 
ling and enamel. See Enamelling. 
Encaustic painting ' , a method of paint- 
ing made use of by the antients, in which 
wax was employed to give a gloss to their 
colours, and to preserve them from the in- 
juries of the air. 
ENCHASING, or Chasing, the art of 
enriching and beautifying gold, silver, and 
other metal work, by some design, or 
figures represented thereon, in low relievo. 
See Relievo and Sculpture. 
Enchasing is practised only on hollow 
thin works, as watch-cases, cane-heads, 
tweezer- cases, or the like. It is performed 
by punching or driving out the metal, to 
form the figure, from within side, so as to 
stand out prominent from the plane or sur- 
face of the metal. In order to this they 
provide a number of tine steel blocks, or 
puncheons, of divers sizes; and the design 
being drawn on the surface of the metal, 
they apply, the inside upon the heads or 
tops of these blocks, directly under the 
E N E 
lines or parts of the figures ; then with a' 
fine hammer, striking on the metal, sustain- 
ed by the block, the metal yields and the 
block makes an indenture or cavity on the 
inside, corresponding to which there is a 
prominence on the outside, which is to stand 
for that part of the figure. 
Thus the Workman proceeds to chase and 
finish all the parts by successive applica- 
tion of the block and hammer, to the 
several parts of the design. And it is 
wonderful to consider with what beauty 
and justness, by this simple piece of me- 
chanism, the artists in this kind will repre- 
sent foliages, grotesques, animals, histo- 
ries, &c. 
ENCHELIS, in natural history, a genus 
of the Vermes Infusoria. Worm invisible 
to the naked eye, very simple, cylindrical. 
There are fifteen species. An account of 
these may be found in Adams “ On the 
Microscope.” 
ENCROACHMENT, in law, an unlaw- 
ful gaining upon the rights or possessions of 
another. It is generally applied to the 
unlawful occupation of wastes and com- 
mons. 
ENDEAVOUR, where one endeavours 
actually to commit felony, &c. he is punish- 
able as for a misdemeanour; and an assault, 
with intent to rob, is punished by transpor- 
tation. Stat. 7, Geo. II. c. 21. 
ENDECAGON, a plane geometrical 
figure of eleven sides and eleven angles. If 
each side of this figure 1, its area will be 
9.3656399 = ^ of the tangents of 73^ de- 
grees to the radius one. 
ENDEMIC, or Endemical diseases , 
those to which the inhabitants of particular 
countries are subject more than others, on 
account of the air, water, situation, and 
manner of living. 
ENDIVE, in botany, &c. broad-leaved 
succory. See Cichorium. 
ENDOWMENT, in law, is the widow’s 
portion ; being a third part of all the free- 
hold lands and tenements, of which her hus- 
band was seized at any time during the 
coverture. Of lands not freehold, her por- 
tion varies according to the custom in dif- 
ferent places. 
ENEMY, in law, an alien or foreigner, 
who in a public capacity invades any coun- 
try, and who cannot be punished as a 
traitor, but must be subjected to martial 
law. An alien residing here, under the pro- 
tection of the king’s peace, may be dealt 
with as a traitor, because he owes a quali- 
fied allegiance. 
