EXS 
EXP 
there is an exponential quantity. See the 
next article. 
Exponential quantity, is a quantity 
whose power is a variable quantity, as 
x x , a x . Exponential quantities are of several 
degrees and orders, according as the expo- 
nents themselves are more or less involved. 
If the exponent be a simple quantity, as 
z y , it is called an exponential of the first or 
lowest degree ; but when the exponent it- 
self is an exponential of the first degree, as 
it is called an exponential of the second 
degree. In like manner, if the exponent 
itself be an exponential of the second de- 
x° 
gree, as x> , it is called an exponential of 
the third degree, &c. 
EXPORTATION, the act of sending 
goods out of one country into another. In 
modern times it has been the principal ob- 
ject of commercial policy, in almost every 
country, to encourage exportation, except 
with respect to g few particular articles ; 
the export of manufactured goods has been 
promoted with a view of encouraging the 
internal industry of the country, and the 
export of foreign produce, as a means of 
drawing wealth from other countries by the 
profits of the carrying trade. The excess 
of the value of goods exported, beyond that 
of the imports, has usually been considered 
as a criterion of the profits which a country 
derives from foreign trade; but this is a 
very fallacious mode of determining a point 
of great importance ; advantageous foreign 
trade might long exist, even if the imports 
constantly exceeded the value of the ex- 
ports. The laws in force relating to ex- 
portation, consist principally of prohibitory, 
or restrictive regulations respecting bullion, 
corn, wool, machinery, and tools used in 
various branches of manufactures, the ex- 
portation of which, it is thought, might di- 
minish tlie necessary supply of provisions 
for the consumption of the country, or en- 
able foreigners to rival valuable branches 
of its manufactures. The acts relative to 
the exportation of wool, prohibit the expor- 
tation, not only of the article itself, but also 
of live sheep, rams, or lambs, from Great 
Britain, Ireland, Jersey, Guernsey, Alder- 
ney, Sark, or Man, on penalty of the for- 
feiture thereof, and of the ships conveying 
the same ; also 31. for every sheep, &c. 
and the offender to suffer three months soli- 
tary imprisonment ; for a second offence 51. 
per sheep, &c. and six months imprison- 
ment : except wether sheep for ships’ use 
only, put on board by licence of the port 
officer of the customs. A limited quantity 
of wool is, however, permitted to be ex- 
ported from the port of Southampton to 
Jersey, Guernsey, Alderney, and Sark. 
The duties on exportation, payable in Great 
Britain and Ireland, which were formerly 
the principal branch of the revenue derived 
from foreign trade, are now of small amount 
in comparison with the duties payable on 
goods brought into the country. See Cus- 
toms. 
EXPRESSED oil. See Oil. 
EXPRESSION, in chemistry, or phar- 
macy, denotes the act of expressing out the 
juices or oils of vegetables, which is one of 
the three ways of obtaining them ; the other 
two being by infusion and decoction. The 
hard fruits require to be well bruised pre- 
viously to expression, but herbs are only to 
be moderately bruised. They are then to 
be included in a hair bag, and pressed be- 
tween wooden plates in the common screw 
press, till the juice ceases to run. The ex- 
pression of oils is performed nearly in the 
same mariner as that of juices, only iron 
plates are to be used instead of wooden 
ones. The insipid oils of all unctuous seeds 
are obtained uninjured by this operation, 
if performed without the aid of heat, which 
though it promotes the extraction of the 
oil, gives it an ungrateful flavour. The oils 
expressed from aromatic substances, gene- 
rally carry with them a portion of their es- 
sential oil. Hence the smell and flavour of 
the expressed oils of nutmegs and mace. 
Expression, in rhetoric, the elocution, 
diction, or choice of words in a discourse. 
Beautiful expression is the natural and true 
light of our thoughts : it is to this we owe 
all the excellencies in discourse, which gives 
a kind of vocal life and spirit. As the prin- 
cipal end of discourse is to be understood, 
the first tiling we should endeavour to ob- 
tain is a richness of expression, or habit of 
speaking so well as to make our thoughts 
easily understood. 
Expression, in painting, a natural and 
lively representation of the subject, or of 
the several objects intended to be shewn. 
The expression consists chiefly in repre- 
senting the human body and all its parts, in 
the action suitable to it : in exhibiting in 
the face the several passions proper to the 
figures,, and observing the motions they im- 
press on the external parts. • See Paint- 
ing. 
EXSICCATION, in pharmacy, the dry- 
ing of moist bodies, for which two methods 
are usually employed, in one the humid 
