t 
GAM 
GAM 
and for want of distress, commitment for 
six months, or till paid, with costs. J. 1. 
W. 1. A. half to the King, half to the in- 
former. Ibid. s. 11. 
Burning furze, fern, &c. on any forest or 
chase, without consent of the owner, keeper, 
&c. P. 40s. to 51. R. distress, or in default, 
commitment from one to three months. J. 
I. W. 1. A. half to the informer, half to 
the poor. 28 Geo. II. c. 19. 
Unlawfully entering into any ground (en- 
closed or not), and hunting or killing rab- 
bits, P. treble damages to the party ag- 
grieved and costs, or commitment for three 
months, and till he find sureties for his 
good behaviour. J. 1. W. 1. 22, 23 
Charles II. c. 25, s. 4. 
Killing or taking house-dove or pigeon, 
P. 20s. or commitment from one to three 
calendar months, or till paid. R. J. 1. 
W. 1 . A.,to the prosecutor, 2 Geo. III. 
c. 29. 
Driving, or taking by nets, tunnels, &c. 
any water-fowl in the moulting season, P. 
5s. for each fowl, and nets to be seized and 
destroyed. R. distress, and in default com- 
mitment from fourteen days to one month. 
J. 1. W. 1. A. half to the informer, half 
to the poor. 9 Ann, c. 25, s. 4. 
Game, are deer, hares, pheasants, par- 
tridges, moor-game, and, by the act now 
passing, snipes and woodcocks are made 
game. 
It is not to be inferred that these statutes 
actually impower qualified persons to hunt 
or shoot anywhere. They cannot enter 
another man’s land in pursuit of game with- 
out his leave ; but at the same time, if he 
has not warned the sportsman against com- 
ing upon his land, he will not recover more 
than 40s. costs in an action of trespass. 
Sporting seasons. The time for sporting, 
in the day, is from one hour before sun 
rising, until one hour after sun setting. 
10 Geo. III. c. 19, For bustards, the 
sporting is from Dec. 1 to March 1. For 
grouse, or red grouse, from Aug. 11 to Dec. 
10. Hares may be killed all the year, un- 
der the restrictions in 10 Geo. III. c. 19. 
Heath-fowl, or black-game, from Aug. 20 
to Dec. 20. Partridges, from Sept, l to 
Feb. 12. Pheasants, from Oct. 1 to Feb. 1. 
Widgeons, wild ducks, wild geese, wild 
fowls, at any time but in June, July, August, 
and September, 
GAMING, laws of. These are founded 
on the doctrine of chances. See Chance. 
M. de Moivre, in a treatise “ De Men- 
sura Sortis,” has computed the variety of 
chances in several cases that occur in gam- 
ing, the laws of which may be understood 
by what follows : 
Suppose p the number of cases in which 
an event may happen, and q the number of 
cases wherein it may not happen, both sides 
have the degree of probability, which is to 
each other as p to q. 
If two gamesters, A and B, engage on 
this footing, that, if the cases p happen, A 
shall win ; but, if q happen, B shall win, and 
the stake be a ; the chance of A will be 
, and that of B V* : consequently, 
p+q P + q H 
if they sell the expectancies, they should 
have that for them respectively. 
If A and B play with a single die, on this 
condition, that, if A throw two or more 
aces at eight throws, he shall win ; other- 
wise B shall win ; what is the ratio of their 
chances? Since there is but one case where- 
in an ace may turn up, and five wherein it 
may not, let a — 1, and 6 = 5. And again, 
since there are eight throws of the die, let 
n = 8 ; and you will have a-j-6 ] n — 6" — 
nab — 1, to 6" n a b n — i; that is, the 
chance of A will be to that of B, as 663,991 
to 10,156,525, or nearly as 2 to 3. 
A and B are engaged at single quoits, 
and, after playing some time, A wants 4 of 
being up, and B 6 ; but B is so much the 
better gamester, that his chance against A 
upon a single throw would be as 3 to 2 ; 
what is the ratio of their chances ? Since A 
wants 4, and B 6, the game will be ended 
at nine throw's ; therefore raise a 6 to the 
ninth pow'er, and it will be a 1 -j- 9 u 3 6 -f- 
36 a 7 66-j-84 a 6 6 3 -f- 126 a 5 6 4 -j- 126 a 4 6 5 , 
to 84 a 3 6 6 -j- 36 a a 6 7 + 6 a 6 3 + 6 9 : call 
a 3, and 6 2, and you will have the ratio of 
chances in numbers, viz. 1,759,0 77 to 
194,048. 
A and B play at single quoits, and A is 
the best gamester, so that he can give B 2 
in 3, what is the tatio of their chances at a 
single throw ? Suppose the chances as z to 
1, and raise z-\- 1 to its cube, which will 
be z 3 -j- 3 z 2 -j— 3 z 1 . Now since A 
could give B 2 out of 3, A might undertake 
to win three rows running; and, conse- 
quently, the chances in this case will be 
as z 3 to 3 z 2 -j- 3 z -f- 1. Hence z 3 = 3 
z 2 -j- 3 z -f- 1 ; or, 2 z 3 = z 3 -f 3 z 2 -f 3 z 
-j- 1. ■ And, therefore, zy / 2 = z-j-l; 
and, consequently, 
1 
Z =-5Z . 
y' 2 — 1 
The 
