GAR 
*oil should be kept in excellent heart. Nor 
should such parts as are intended for the 
production of vegetables be crowded with 
trees, or bushes. We should advise in 
the strongest manner, that such trees, &o. 
as spread their roots widely, be interdicted 
altogether, and that such as may be consi- 
dered as really indispensable be set out at 
ample distances, and not allowed to over- 
shadow the beds. 
It is possible, however, to have the soil 
of a garden made too rich, that is, for the pro- 
duction of vegetables in general, many of 
which require an open free soil, not too high- 
ly dressed. Carrots, parsnips, and even tur- 
nips may be injured by over-richness ; while 
onions, mushrooms, asparagus, &c. delight 
in such parts as are manured even to a de- 
gree of rottenness. 
The directions given under the head Gar- 
dening will furnish ample instruction on this 
subject; and will give, in a concise form, 
the leading features of the art, in such man- 
ner as may prove useful to, and be easily re- 
tained in memory by, those who may not 
be provided with publications treating ab- 
stractedly on that subject. 
GARDENIA, in botany, so named in 
honour of Alexander Garden, M. D. of 
Charlestown, in Carolina, a genus of the 
Pentandria Monogynia class and order. 
Natural order of Contort*. Eubiaeeae, 
Jussieu. Essential character : corolla one- 
petalled, contorted or twisted ; stigma 
lobed ; berry inferior, two to four celled, 
many-seeded. There are fifteen species. 
GARDENING being a science of the 
Utmost importance to the community at 
large, is followed by many persons with 
considerable advantage to themselves. In- 
deed what is called market-gardening is a 
medium between private horticulture and 
that part of farming which relates to the 
production of green crops. We shall in this 
confine ourselves to horticulture as suited 
to ornament, and to the management of 
grounds cultivated with the view to family 
supply. The following list of fruits is usually 
resorted to, when forming a garden. Ap- 
ples in all their varieties, pears ditto, 
plumbs ditto, peaches ditto, apricots dit- 
to, nectarines ditto, cherries ditto, figs 
ditto, grapes ditto, mulberries ditto, med- 
lars, quinces, walnuts, chesnuts, filberds, 
gooseberries, currants, raspberries, straw- 
berries. The vegetable department usually 
consists of the following: asparagus, arti- 
chokes, ditto Jerusalem, beans, peas, kid- 
ney-beans, running ditto, turnips, canli- 
GAR 
flowers, cabbages, brocoli, coleworts, sea 
kale, cucumbers, onions, leeks, radishes, 
lettuces, celery, endive, spinach, beet, par- 
sley, fennel, cardoons, cress, mustard, cliev- 
ril, potatoes, carrots, parsnips, melons, 
mushrooms, and love-apples ; with capsi- 
cums, hyssop, marjoram, sage, mint, thyme, 
balm, lavender, rosemary, basil, clary, bor- 
age, and penny-royal, for pot-herbs, &c. 
The flower tribe are as follow : First 
class, or tender annuals : amarantlius of 
sorts, stiamonium, egg-plant, balsams, ice- 
plant, sensitive plant, humble plant, scarlet 
convolvolus, snake-melon, and martynia. 
Second class, or less tender annuals. 
African marigold, French ditto, aster of 
sorts, chrysanthemum, sweet sultan, Indian 
pink, palma-christi, tobacco, love-apple, 
gourds, persicaria, Indian corn, migno- 
nette, convolvolus, capsicum, basil, lennia, 
stocks, tree-amaranthus, carmacorus, Chi- 
nese hollyhock. 
The third class or hardy annuals. Ado- 
nis, larkspur, lupin, sun-flower, lavatera, 
convolvulus major, starry-scabius, hawk- 
weed, carthamus, nasturtium, Tangier-pea, 
honey-wort, nigella, catch-fly, lychnis, navel- 
wort, Virginia stock, pansies, snail-plant, 
cyanus, xeranthemum, garden marigold, 
purple, ragwort, dracocephalum, bastard 
fumitory, amythysten. 
The hardy biennial and perennial flowers 
are these : Aster, Tripolian, dog’s bane, 
arum, asclepius, astragalus, alysson, bache- 
lor's button, borage, ragged-robin, campa- 
nula, Canterbury-bells, caltha, cassia, carna- 
tions, pinks, sweet-william, wall flowers, 
stock July flowers, French honey-suckle, 
tree primrose, lichnidea, cyanus, lichnis, 
rose campion, hepatica, linaria, bee lark- 
spur, fraxinella, gentiana, fox-glove, globula- 
ria, cyclamen, chelone, gold-locks, lily of 
the valley, Solomon’s seal, filapendula, co- 
lumbines, ibalictrum, pulsatilla orebus, ve- 
sovian, golden rod, valerian, rudbekia, pul- 
monaria, monarda, jacea, epiiemerou, prim- 
rose, polyanthus, auricula, violet, London 
pride, day-lily, aconite, hellebore, geranium, 
daisies, ranunculus, peony, silphium, iris., 
cardinal, rocket, scabius, eringo, angelica, 
asphodel, ononis, lupins, eupetorium, balm 
of Gilead, moth mullien, snap-dragon, and 
Tradescantia. 
The bulbous and tuberous kinds are, ama- 
ryllis, crocus-vernus, snow-drop, ornithoga- 
lum, erithronium, musearia, fritillaria, crown 
imperials, tulip, gladiolus, anemone, ranun- 
culus, pancratium moly, fu maria- bulbosa, 
Narcissus, jonquil, lily, squill, asphodel, tu- 
