GAR 
are found from the size of a grain of sand 
to three or four inches in diameter. Those 
imbedded in granite are in general of the 
smallest size, but at the same time the most 
transparent. Among the garnets which 
are called Oriental, may be distinguished 
three different shades, known in commerce 
by as many different names. The garnet of 
a fine red colour, and free from any mix- 
ture, is called a carbuncle. Garnets are 
found in almost every country where primi- 
tive rocks exist. Switzerland and Bohemia 
are the two countries in Europe which fur- 
nish them in the greatest abundance. Those 
of Bohemia have a tint of orange mixed 
with the red, from whence some have given 
them the name of rubies. These stones 
are likewise found in Hungary, at Pyrna in 
Silesia, in Spain, and in Norway. At Ba- 
reith, a town in Germany, garnets are 
found in little irregular masses, of a fine red 
colour, and abundantly disseminated in a 
green semi-transparent stone called serpen- 
tine. As they are susceptible of a fine 
polish, the inhabitants form them into seve- 
ral pretty trinkets and other articles of 
jewellery. Black garnets are met with in 
different situations. Ramond, professor of 
natural history at Tarbes, collected some 
from a mountain of the Pyrenees in the 
neighbourhood of Barege; Rome de 1’ Isle 
found them in the diamond mines of Bra- 
zil ; and Brongtiiart tells us that they have 
been discovered in a volcanic rock near 
Vesuvius, and in the basaltes of Bohemia. 
When garnets are perfectly transparent, and 
hard enough to bear a fine polish, the lapi- 
daries cut them into facits to be employed 
as jewels. In Bohemia there are places 
where they work the garnets which are 
found in their neighbourhood. There are 
workshops also at Friburg, in Brisgaw, for 
the garnets which are collected from seve- 
ral of the Swiss mountains. The impure 
garnets are used to advantage as a flux 
when they are found near iron-mines, as 
they not only facilitate the fusion of that 
metal, but add something to the mass by 
contributing the portion of iron which gene- 
rally enters into their composition. The 
quantity indeed is sometimes so great, that 
they have been said to yield 40 lb. in the cwt. 
and consequently worth smelting alone for 
the sake of their produce.” See Wood’s 
“ Zoography,” to which we have been in- 
debted in the articles Coal and Ficus. 
Garnet, in a ship, is a tackle having a 
pendant coming down from the main-mast, 
GAR 
with a block well seized to the main-stay, 
just over the hatch-way, to which a guy is 
fixed to keep it steady ; and at the other 
end is a long tackle-block, in which the fall 
is reeved, that so by it any goods may be 
hauled and hoisted into or out of the ship. 
GARNISHEE, the party in whose hands 
money is attached, within the liberties of 
the city of London, so used in the Sheriff 
of London’s court, because he has had gar- 
nishment, or warning, not to pay the money, 
but to appear and answer to the plaintiff 
creditor’s suit. 
GARNISHMENT, a warning given to 
one for his appearance for the better fur- 
nishing of the cause and court. 
GARRISON, in the art of war, a body 
of forces, disposed in a fortress, to defend 
it against the enemy, or to keep the inhabi- 
tants in subjection ; or even to be subsisted 
during the winter-season : hence, garrison 
and winter-quarters are sometimes used in- 
differently, for the same thing ; and some- 
times they denote different things. In the 
latter case a garrison is a place wherein 
forces are maintained to secure it ; and where 
they keep regular guard, as a frontier town, 
a citadel, castle, tower, See. The garrison 
should always be stronger than the towns- 
men. 
GARTER, order of the, a military order 
of knighthood, the most noble and ancient 
of any lay-order in the world, instituted by 
King Edward III. This order consists of’ 
twenty-six knights- companions, generally 
princes and peers, whereof the King of Eng- 
land is the sovereign, or chief. They are a 
college or corporation, having a great and 
little seal. 
Their officers are a Prelate, Chancellor, 
register, king at arms, and usher of the black 
rod. They have also a dean with twelve 
canons, and petty canons, vergers, and 
twenty-six pensioners, or poor knights. The 
Prelate is the head. This office is vested 
in the Bishop of Winchester, and has ever 
been so. Next to the Prelate is the Chan- 
jcellor, which office is vested in the Bishop 
of Salisbury, who keeps the seals, &c. The 
next is the register, who by his oath is to 
enter upon the registry, the scrutinies, 
elections, penalties, and other acts of the 
order, with all fidelity. The fourth officer 
is garter, and king at arms, being two dis- 
tinct offices united in one person. Garter 
carries the rod and sceptre at the feast of 
St. George, the protector of this order, when 
the Sovereign is present. He notifies the 
