GLOBE, 
circles are the horizon, with its parallels 
and secondaries. 
The horizon is that broad wooden circle 
Surrounding the globe, and dividing it into 
two equai parts, called the upper and lower 
hemispheres. It has two notches, to let 
the brazen meridian slip up and down, ac- 
cording to the different heights of the pole. 
On the flat side of this circle are described 
the twelve signs, the months of the year, 
the points of tire compass, &c. The brazen 
meridian is an annulus or ring of brass, di- 
vided into degrees, viz. each quadrant in 90 
degrees. It divides the globe into two equal 
parts, called the eastern and western he- 
mispheres. The quadrant of altitude is a 
thin pliable plate of brass, answering exactly 
to a quadrant of the meridian. It is divided 
into 90°, and has a notch, nut, and screw, to 
fix to the brazen meridian in the zenith of 
any place ; where it turns round a pivot, 
and supplies the room of verticle circles. 
The hour-circle is a flat ring of brass, divi- 
ded into twenty-four equal parts, or hour- 
distances ; and on the pole of the globe is 
fixed an index, that turns round with the 
globe, and points out the hours upon the 
hour-circle. Lastly, there is generally added 
a compass and needle upon the pediment 
of the frame. 
The surface of the celestial globe may be 
esteemed a just representation of the con- 
cave expanse of the heavens, notwithstand- 
ing its convexity ; for it is easy to conceive 
the eye placed in the centre of the globe, 
and viewing the stars on its surface ; sup- 
posing it made of glass, as some globes are : 
also that if holes were made in the centre of 
each Star, the eye in the centre of the 
globe, properly placed, would view through 
each of the holes the very stars in the hea- 
vens represented by them. 
As it would be impossible to have any 
distinct notion of the stars, in respect of 
their number, order, and distances, without 
arranging them in certain forms, called con- 
stellations, this the first observers of the 
heavens took care to do ; and these, like 
kingdoms and countries upon the terrestrial 
globe, serve to distinguish the different 
parts of the superficies of the celestial 
globe. 
The stars, therefore, are all disposed in 
constellations under the forms of various 
animals, whose names and figures are repre- 
sented on the celestial globe; which were 
first invented by the ancient astronomers 
and poets, and are still retained for the 
better distinction of these luminaries. We 
shall now give some problems on both the 
globp, beginning with the terrestrial globe. 
TERRESTRIAL GLOBE. 
Prob. 1 . “ To find the latitude and lon- 
gitude of any place.” Bring the place to 
the graduated side of the first meridian : 
then the degree of the meridian it cuts is 
the latitude sought ; and the degree of the 
equator then under the meridian is the 
longitude. 
2 . “ To find a place, having a given 
latitude and longitude.” Find the degree 
of longitude on the equator, and bring it 
to the brass meridian ; then find the de- 
gree of latitude on the meridian, either 
north or south of the equator, as the given 
latitude is north or south ; and the point 
of the globe just under that degree of 
latitude is the place required. 
3. “ To find all the places on the globe / 
that have the same latitude, and thh same 
longitude, or hour, with a given place, as 
suppose London.” Bring the given place, 
London, to the meridian, and observe what 
places are just under the edge of it, from 
north to south; and all those places have 
the same longitude and hour with it. Then 
turn the globe round ; and all those places 
which pass just under the given degree of 
latitude on the meridian, have the same 
latitude with the given place. 
4. “ To find the antmci, periceci and 
antipodes, of any given place, suppose 
London.” Bring the given place, London, 
to the meridian, then count 5I| the same 
degree of latitude southward, or towards 
the other pole, and the point thus arrived 
at will be the. antoeci, or where the hour 
of the day or night is always the same at 
both places at the same time, and where 
the seasons and lengths of days and nights 
are also equal, but at half a year distance 
from each other, because their seasons are 
opposite or contrary. London being still 
under the meridian, set the hour index to 
twelve at noon, or pointing towards Lon- 
don ; then turn the globe just half round, 
or till the index point to the opposite hour, 
or twelve at night; and the place that 
comes under the same degree of the meri- 
dian where London was, shews where the 
periioeci dwell, or those people that have the 
same seasons aud at the same time as Lon- 
don, as also the same length of days and 
nights, &c. at that time, but only their 
time or hour is just opposite, or twelve 
hours distant, being day with one when 
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