GON 
drawn upon paper to be measured, produce 
one of the sides of the angle backwards be- 
hind the angular point ; then with a pair of 
fine compasses describe a pretty large 
semicircle from the angular point as a cen- 
tre, cutting the sides of the proposed angle, 
which will intercept a part of the semicircle. 
Take then this intercepted part very ex- 
actly between the points of the compasses, 
and turn them successively over upon the 
arc of the semicircle, to find how often it is 
•contained in it, after which there is com- 
monly some remainder : then take this re- 
mainder in the compasses, and in like man- 
ner find how often it is contained in the 
last of the integral parts of the first arc, 
with again some remainder : find in like 
manner how often this last remainder is 
contained in the former; and so on conti- 
nually till the remainder become too small 
to be taken and applied as a measure. By 
this means is obtained a series ot quotients, 
or fractional parts, one of another, which 
being properly reduced into one fraction, 
give the ratio of the first arc to the semi- 
circle, or of the proposed angle to two 
right angles,, or 180 degrees, and conse- 
quently that angle itself in degrees and mi- 
nutes. Thus, suppose the angle BAG 
(Plate VI. Miscel. fig. 4.) be proposed to 
be measured. Produce B A out towards 
f and from the centre, A, describe the 
semicircle a h e /, in which a 6 is the mea- 
sure of the proposed angle. Take a b in 
the compasses, and apply it four times on 
the semicircle, as at b , c, d, and e; then take 
the remainder f e, and apply it back upon 
e d, which is but once, viz. at g ; again, 
take the remainder g d, and apply it five 
times on g e, as at h, i, k, l, and m ; lastly, 
take the remainder m e, and it is contained 
j list two times in ml. Hence the series of 
quotients is 4, 1, 5, 2; consequently the 
fourth, or last arc, e m, is i the third, m l of 
g d ; and therefore the third arc, g d, is — , 
°2 
or -jjths of the second arc, ef; and there- 
fore, again this second arc, e f, is i-, or -U 
•*TI 
of the first arc, a b ; and consequently this 
first arc, a b, is or ifds of the whole 
^T3 
semicircle a f. But ifds of 180° are.37| °, 
or 37° 8' 34f' ', which therefore is the mea- 
sure of the angle sought. 
GONIUM, in natural history, a genus of 
the Vermes Infusoria. Worm very simple, 
flat, angular, invisible to the naked eye. 
GOO 
There are five species, of which G. pecto- 
rale is quadrangular, pellucid, with sixteen 
spherical molecules. It is found in pure 
water : molecules oval, nearly equal in size, 
set in a quadrangular membrane like dia- 
monds in a ring, the lower ones larger than 
the rest. 
GONORRHOEA. See Medicine. 
GOQDENIA, in botany, so called in 
honour of the Rev. Samuel Goodenough, F. 
R. S. a genus of the Pentandria Monogy- 
nia class and order. Natural order of Cam- 
panulacece, Jussieu. Essential character: 
corolla longitudinally cloven on the upper 
side, exposing the organs of fructification ; 
border five-cleft, leaning one way; anther 
linear; stigma cup-shaped, ciliated ; capsule 
two-celled, tvvo-valved, with a parallel par- 
tition; seeds many, imbricated. There are 
nine species. These plants are all natives 
of New South Wales, about Port Jackson. 
GOOD behaviour, in law. Surety for 
good behaviour, is tlie bail for any person's 
good conduct for a certain time ; as surety 
for the peace is a recognizance taken by a 
competent judge of record for keeping the 
King’s peace. 
Justices of the peace may also bind per- 
sons of evil fame to their good behaviour, 
&c. 34 Edward III. c. 1. This statute 
being penned in such general words, seems 
to empower justices, not only to bind over 
those, who seem to be notoriously trouble- 
some, and likely to break the peace, as 
eves-droppers, &c. but also those who are 
publicly scandalous, or continuers ofjustice, 
&c. as haunters of bawdy-houses, or keepers 
of lewd-women in their own houses, com- 
mon drunkards, or those who sleep in the 
day, and go abroad in the night, or such as 
keep suspicious company, or such as are 
generally suspected as robbers, or such as 
speak contemptuous words of inferior ma- 
gistrates, as justices of the peace, mayors, 
&c. not being in the actual execution of 
their offices ; or of inferior officers of jus- 
tice, as constables, &c. being in the actual 
execution of their office ; but it seems that 
rash, quarrelsome, or unmannerly words, 
spoken by one private person to another, 
unless they directly tend to a breach of the 
peace, are not sufficient cause to bind a 
man to his good behaviour. 
GOOGINGS, in naval affairs, certain 
clamps of iron or other metal, bolted on the 
stern-post, on which to hang the rudder; 
for this purpose there is a hole in each of 
them to receive a correspondent spindle, 
bolted on the back of the rudder, which 
